Claviceps sorghicola.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Resistant Cultivars

Abstract C. sorghicola is an ergot pathogen of sorghum only found in Japan to date (2009). The risk of its spread and introduction is limited by the small amount of sorghum grown in Japan and by the lack of airborne secondary conidia. Sclerotia, which are known to germinate, are clearly distinct from, and larger than, seed and could be separated if necessary to prevent contamination of exports. The only alternate host identified to date is the closely related Sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii). The use of morphologically resistant cultivars of sorghum and Sudangrass, as well as early sowing, were found to control the disease.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of the Infection of Sorghum bicolor by Colletotrichum sublineolum

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Wharton ◽  
A. M. Julian ◽  
R. J. O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Opaque Material ◽  
Colletotrichum Sublineolum

Ultrastructural studies of the infection of susceptible and resistant cultivars of Sorghum bicolor by Colletotrichum sublineolum were conducted. Initial penetration events were the same on both susceptible and resistant cultivars. Germ tubes originating from germinated conidia formed globose, melanized appressoria, that penetrated host epidermal cells directly. Appressoria did not produce appressorial cones, but each penetration pore was surrounded by an annular wall thickening. Inward deformation of the cuticle and localized changes in staining properties of the host cell wall around the infection peg suggests that penetration involves both mechanical force and enzymic dissolution. In compatible interactions, penetration was followed by formation of biotrophic globular infection vesicles in epidermal cells. Filamentous primary hyphae developed from the vesicles and went on to colonize many other host cells as an intracellular mycelium. Host cells initially survived penetration. The host plasma membrane invaginated around infection vesicles and primary hyphae and was appressed tightly to the fungal cell wall, with no detectable matrix layer at the interface. Necrotrophic secondary hyphae appeared after 66 h and ramified through host tissue both intercellularly and intracellularly, forming hypostromatic acervuli by 114 h. Production of secondary hyphae was accompanied by the appearance of electron-opaque material within infected cells. This was thought to represent the host phytoalexin response. In incompatible interactions, infection vesicles and primary hyphae were formed in epidermal cells by 42 h. However, they were encrusted with electron-opaque material and appeared dead. These observations are discussed in relation to the infection processes of other Colletotrichum spp. and the host phytoalexin response.

scholarly journals Application of Markers Assisted Selection for Striga Hermonthica Resistance on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Habtamu Demelash Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. [Moench]) is a staple food crop for smallholder farmers in arid and semi-arid(ASALs) regions worldwide, feeding over 500 million of the world's most resource-poor. Development of Striga Hermonthica resistant cultivars by conventional breeding is slow and have been hampered by the lack of efficient and reliable screening techniques in breeding programs. Molecular markers that are linked to witchweed resistance can expedite the development of resistant cultivars through the adoption of appropriate marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies. Marker-assisted selection involves the selection of genotypes carrying a desirable gene(s) via linked markers; through MAS more rapid transfer of traits from donor parents to more elite locally adapted crop cultivars is possible with simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers which have been initially used to detect polymorphism between the parent cultivars. Although costly to develop relative to some other classes of genetic markers, once developed, analysis by SSR markers is both easy and inexpensive. The highly polymorphic nature (high information content) and other favorable characteristics make them excellent genetic markers for a number of studies including marker-assisted selection and fingerprinting of germplasm collections. In this review, we summarize the molecular markers that are linked to the inheritance trait or low germination stimulant production is one of the recognized mechanisms of witch weed resistance.

Characterization and expression of dehydrins in water-stressed Sorghum bicolor

1997 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Wood ◽  
Peter B. Goldsbrough
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor

Consórcio palma-sorgo sob lâminas de irrigação: balanço de água no solo e coeficientes da cultura

Agrometeoros ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber Pereira Alves ◽  
Thieres George Freire Silva ◽  
Hygor Kristoph Muniz Nunes Alves ◽  
Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim ◽  
Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Objetivou-se neste estudo quantificar a evapotranspiração real (ETr) e máxima da cultura (ETc) e os coeficientes da cultura (Kc) do consórcio palma-sorgo. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Serra Talhada, PE. O delineamento usado foi em blocos ao acaso, envolvendo cinco lâminas de irrigação (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% da evapotranspiração de referência - ETo), sob sistema de cultivo consorciado palma-sorgo. O clone de palma forrageira utilizado foi a Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.) e o cultivar de sorgo, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, a SF 15. O sorgo foi conduzido durante dois ciclos (planta e rebrota) compreendidos em um ciclo anual da palma. A quantificação da ETr e da ETc foi realizada através do resíduo do balanço de água no solo (BAS) a cada 14 dias, com a mensuração dos componentes hidrodinâmicos. As determinações da ETc e do Kc foram realizadas com base na lâmina de 75% da ETo. Os componentes do BAS foram submetidos à análise de regressão, sendo testados modelos polinomiais. Com exceção da variação do armazenamento de água no solo, os demais componentes hidrodinâmicos do solo cultivado sob sistema consorciado palma-sorgo respondem linearmente ao aumento de lâminas de irrigação. A evapotranspiração média diária do consórcio palma-sorgo é igual a 3,0 mm dia-1, independentemente da lâmina de irrigação. Os coeficientes do consórcio palma-sorgo são iguais a 0,40, 0,68, 0,90 e 0,52 durante as fases I, II, III e IV de emissão de cladódios.

Effet antioxydant et antihyperglycémiant du seigle (Secale cereale L.) et du sorgho (Sorghum bicolor L.) chez le rat Wistar rendu diabétique

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S273-S283
Author(s):  
Z. Mami-Soualem ◽  
N. Brixi ◽  
C. Beghdad ◽  
M. Belarbi
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Stress Oxydant ◽  
Habitudes Alimentaires ◽  
Diabète Sucré ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Vitamine C ◽  
Fibres Alimentaires ◽  
Peroxydation Lipidique ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Le changement des habitudes alimentaires au cours de ces dernières années a abouti à l’apparition des maladies dites de civilisation, parmi elles le diabète sucré. Des approches diétothérapeutiques privilégient la consommation des produits céréaliers sous la forme la plus complète possible. Ce travail a pour but de tester l’efficacité des régimes expérimentaux préparés à base des grains complets des deux céréales, le sorgho (Sorghum bicolor L.) et le seigle (Secale cereale L.), sur la correction de l’hyperglycémie et des marqueurs du stress oxydant associés au diabète chez le rat mâle Wistar. Les résultats montrent que les rats diabétiques, soumis au régime seigle pendant quatre semaines, présentent une diminution significative de la glycémie qui atteint les 53,95 % à la fin de l’expérimentation, ce qui fait que leur taux en glycémie se rapproche de celui des normoglycémiques. Le sorgho blanc présente, d’une part, une diminution significative de la peroxydation lipidique intracellulaire et, d’autre part, une augmentation de l’activité de la glutathion peroxydase, la glutathion réductase ainsi que la vitamine C. Ces approches méthodologiques peuvent, en améliorant la connaissance de l’importance des céréales (fibres alimentaires solubles et des polyphénols) dans l’évolution du diabète, aboutir à des recommandations et à une éducation nutritionnelle du diabétique.

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