Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Weed

Abstract Youngia japonica is a cosmopolitan herb that often grows as an agricultural and environmental weed. Native to temperate and tropical Asia and Australia, it has been introduced in Africa, the Canary Islands, the Americas and many Pacific Islands. It is commonly found in disturbed areas, wastelands, roadsides, abandoned pastures, lawns, cultivated fields and forest margins, but it is also able to penetrate into intact or minimally-disturbed natural areas. This species is a prolific seed producer and its seeds can be easily dispersed by wind and water or as contaminant in soil or crop and grass seeds. Y. japonica is adapted to grow in a wide range of climates and substrates and once it reaches a new area, it grows and spreads very quickly as new seeds are produced copiously.

scholarly journals Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Weed

Abstract Youngia japonica is a cosmopolitan herb that often grows as an agricultural and environmental weed. Native to temperate and tropical Asia and Australia, it has been introduced in Africa, the Canary Islands, the Americas and many Pacific Islands. It is commonly found in disturbed areas, wastelands, roadsides, abandoned pastures, lawns, cultivated fields and forest margins, but it is also able to penetrate into intact or minimally-disturbed natural areas. This species is a prolific seed producer and its seeds can be easily dispersed by wind and water or as contaminant in soil or crop and grass seeds. Y. japonica is adapted to grow in a wide range of climates and substrates and once it reaches a new area, it grows and spreads very quickly as new seeds are produced copiously.

Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Traditional Cultivars

Abstract A. altilis (breadfruit) is a multipurpose tree that is primarily valued for its highly nutritious, high-carbohydrate fruit. The species is native to the Pacific and tropical Asia and is now widely planted throughout the humid tropics (Rajendran, 1991; Ragone 1997). Breadfruit likely originated and was first domesticated in New Guinea and associated islands, such as the Bismarck Archipelago (Ragone, 1991). Its food qualities and potential for food production in other parts of tropics were quickly appreciated by Europeans when they first ventured into the Pacific in the late 1600s. Trees are long-lived, providing nutritious fruits for human consumption, timber and feed for animals (Sasuke, 1953; Jensen, 1995; Peters and Wills, 1956; Streets, 1962; Gupta, 1993; Hearne, 1975; Ragone, 1997; Whistler, 1992; Whistler, 1996; Yen, 1974). The species is an important component of traditional agroforestry systems in the Pacific Islands and is one of the most important seasonal, staple food crops. A. altilis can be grown under a range of ecological conditions and production requires little input of labour or materials. The ripe syncarps can be boiled, baked, roasted, and eaten plain or combined with other ingredients into a great variety of dishes (Ragone, 1997; Smith, 1981; Wootton and Tumaalii, 1984; Lepofsky, 1992; Little and Skolmen, 1989; Rajendran, 1991; Yen, 1974; Purseglove, 1968; Ragone, 1990). The fruit is commonly harvested and consumed when mature, but still firm, and used as a starchy staple. A. altilis trees provide a range of useful materials: timber for buildings, canoes and carving; fibre for cordage and fabric; latex; and medicines. Different parts of the plant - its roots, leaves and bark - have various medicinal properties (Cambie and Ash, 1994; Jensen, 1995; Purseglove, 1968; Wootton and Tumaalii, 1984). A. altilis is also an important garden ornamental tree and its large, dissected leaves have become a Pacific icon. It is also used as a windbreak or shade tree for coffee (Jensen, 1995). The greatest diversity of seeded and few-seeded cultivars is found in the eastern Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, while the greatest diversity of seedless cultivars occurs in eastern Polynesia (Society Islands and Marquesas) and Pohnpei and Chuuk in Micronesia (Ragone, 1997). Hundreds of traditional cultivars have been selected which are adapted to various climates and soils and accommodate a wide range of horticultural needs. These traditional cultivars need to be conserved and evaluated to maximize their potential use (Ragone, 1997). Generally the produce of A. altilis has not been traded over long distances, but it is now being exported from the Caribbean. Commercial processing is limited to preserving the boiled, cut fruit in brine (Rajendran, 1991). Development of commercial products and research to extend shelf-life have to be focused on the mature fruit stage (Ragone, 1997). Little is known about yield levels, harvesting seasons and others factors which determine whether breadfruit can hold its own against competing staple foods and fruits. Other research needs include developing a framework to first characterize, describe and evaluate existing collections, especially in the Pacific Islands, and identifying future collecting priorities (Ragone, 1997). For South-East Asia, an improved knowledge of the phenology and yields of trees in humid and monsoon climates is needed as a prerequisite to substantiate the claims that the prospects for breadfruit are good (Rajendran, 1991). Little attention has been given to expanding the use of ripe fruits: a much greater proportion of the breadfruit crop could be utilized and marketed if food products incorporating ripe breadfruit, such as baby food, baked goods and desserts, are developed.

scholarly journals Cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blazej Slazak ◽  
Klara Kaltenböck ◽  
Karin Steffen ◽  
Martyna Rogala ◽  
Priscila Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Teide Volcano

AbstractCyclotides are cyclic peptides produced by plants. Due to their insecticidal properties, they are thought to be involved in host defense. Violets produce complex mixtures of cyclotides, that are characteristic for each species and variable in different environments. Herein, we utilized mass spectrometry (LC–MS, MALDI-MS), transcriptomics and biological assays to investigate the diversity, differences in cyclotide expression based on species and different environment, and antimicrobial activity of cyclotides found in violets from the Canary Islands. A wide range of different habitats can be found on these islands, from subtropical forests to dry volcano peaks at high altitudes. The islands are inhabited by the endemic Viola palmensis, V. cheiranthifolia, V. anagae and the common V. odorata. The number of cyclotides produced by a given species varied in plants from different environments. The highest diversity was noted in V. anagae which resides in subtropical forest and the lowest in V. cheiranthifolia from the Teide volcano. Transcriptome sequencing and LC–MS were used to identify 23 cyclotide sequences from V. anagae. Cyclotide extracts exhibited antifungal activities with the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations noted for V. anagae (15.62 μg/ml against Fusarium culmorum). The analysis of the relative abundance of 30 selected cyclotides revealed patterns characteristic to both species and populations, which can be the result of genetic variability or environmental conditions in different habitats. The current study exemplifies how plants tailor their host defense peptides for various habitats, and the usefulness of cyclotides as markers for chemosystematics.

A tool set for description and mapping vegetation on protected natural areas: an example from the Canary Islands

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3605-3625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Garzón-Machado ◽  
Marcelino-José del Arco Aguilar ◽  
Pedro-Luis Pérez-de-Paz
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Tool Set

Circulifer tenellus. [Distribution map].

1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Circulifer Tenellus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
South West Africa ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Circulifer tenellus (Baker) (Homopt., Cicadellidae) (Beet Leaf hopper) Hosts: Sugar-beet, tomato, cucurbits, spinach and a wide range of wild plants. Vector of curly top of beet in North America. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Sicily, Spain, ASIA, Israel, AFRICA, Algeria, Canary Islands, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Republic of South Africa, South-West Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, AUSTRALASIA and PACIFIC ISLANDS, Hawaii, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, U.S.A., CENTRAL AMERICA and WEST INDIES, West Indies.

Oligonychus coffeae. [Distribution map].

1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oligonychus Coffeae ◽  
Belgian Congo ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Oligonychus coffeae (Nietn.) (Acarina, Tetranychidae) (Tea Red Spider). Hosts: Tea, coffee; wide range of trees and shrubs. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA (excl. USSR), Burma, Ceylon, Formosa, India, Indo-China, Indonesia, Pakistan, USSR, AFRICA, Belgian Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius, Nyasaland, Republic of South Africa, Tanganyika, AUSTRALASIA and PACIFIC ISLANDS, Australia, NORTH AMERICA, U.S.A., CENTRAL AMERICA and WEST INDIES, Costa Rica, SOUTH AMERICA, Colombia, Ecuador.

Chrysomphalus ficus. [Distribution map].

1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Society Islands ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Chrysomphalus ficus[Chrysomphalus aonidum] Ashm. (aonidum auct.) (Florida Red Scale). Hosts: Citrus; wide range of Mono- and Dicotyledons. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China, Formosa, Hong Kong, Kowloon, India, Indonesia, Israel, Malaya, Pakistan, Philippines, Syria, AFRICA, Agaléga Island, Algeria, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Egypt, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Northern Rhodesia, Portuguese East Africa, Seychelles, Southern Rhodesia, Union of South Africa, Zanzibar, AUSTRALASIA AND PACIFIC ISLANDS, Australia, Hawaii, Society Islands, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, U.S.A., CENTRAL AMERICA and WEST INDIES, Honduras, Panama, West Indies, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, British Guiana, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, Pakistan, Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Yemen, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Yemen, AUSTRALASIA and PACIFIC ISLANDS, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Caroline Islands, Fiji, Hawaii, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Ogasawara-shoto, Papua, New Guinea, Society Islands, Tuvalu, Western Samoa, NORTH AMERICA, USA, California, Florida, Mississippi, Texas, Washington D.C., CENTRAL AMERICA and CARIBBEAN, Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela.

scholarly journals Senna alata (candle bush).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
French Polynesia ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Federated States Of Micronesia ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
Senna Alata

Abstract S. alata is a shrub or small tree that is used as an ornamental and a cultivated plant throughout its range (Irwin and Barneby, 1982; PROTA, 2016). The species is reported as escaping from cultivation and becoming a weed in pastures, disturbed areas, orchards, plantations and shrublands (Irwin and Barneby, 1982; ILDIS, 2016). Livestock do not eat it, so the species has the potential to spread rapidly without control (ILDIS, 2016). It is reported as invasive in Asia (Hong Kong, Philippines, Singapore), East Africa and Oceania (Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Galapagos Islands, Guam, Hawaii, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa and Tonga) (PIER, 2016). It is regarded as a significant environmental weed in the Northern Territory of Australia (Weeds of Australia, 2016). Risk assessments prepared for both Australia and the Pacific classed it as high risk (PIER, 2016).

Aphis fabae. [Distribution map].

1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
Belgian Congo ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aphis fabae Scop. (Homopt., Aphididae) (Black Bean Aphid). Hosts: wide range of plants, notably bean and beet. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excl. USSR), Austria, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Sardinia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, ASIA (excl. USSR), Afghanistan, Ceylon, China, Cyprus, Formosa, India, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Persia, Philippine Islands, Turkey, USSR, AFRICA, Cameroun, Republic, Canary Islands, Belgian Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Kenya, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Nigeria, Republic of South Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Sudan, Tanganyika, AUSTRALASIA and PACIFIC ISLANDS, Hawaii, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, U.S.A., CENTRAL AMERICA and WEST INDIES, West Indies, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil.

Parlatoria oleae. [Distribution map].

1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Parlatoria oleae (Colv.) (Homopt, Coccoidea) (Olive Scale). Hosts: Wide range of trees and shrubs, notably olives, apple, pear and stone fruits. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excl. USSR), Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Lipari Islands, Sardinia, Spain, Yugoslavia, ASIA (excl. USSR), Afghanistan, Cyprus, India, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kashmir, Lebanon, Pakistan, Persia, Syria, Turkey, USSR, AFRICA, Algeria, Canary Islands, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, NORTH AMERICA, U.S.A., SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil.

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