Cronartium flaccidum (Scots pine blister rust).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Sexual Stage ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract C. flaccidum is a heteroecious rust fungus, completing different stages of its life cycle on different plants. Mating of haploid strains occurs on species of Pinus, followed by the production of aeciospores, which infect various species of herbaceous dicotyledons. An asexual stage producing urediniospores occurs on the dicotyledonous plants, followed by the production of teliospores, the sexual stage, that germinate to form basidiospores that infect pines thus completing the cycle. A closely-related autoecious rust, Endocronartium (Peridermium) pini, only infects Pinus hosts. C. flaccidum is known from Europe and parts of northern and eastern Asia; it is a Regulated Pest for the USA (USDA/APHIS, 2008). As an invasive in other temperate areas, this rust could be damaging on native and introduced pines or the alternate host species. The infections on pines develop slowly, therefore the fungus might be overlooked, such that accidental introduction of the rust could occur through the importation of conifer [Pinopsida] seedlings or trees.

Chrysomyxa rhododendri (European rhododendron rust).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Sexual Stage ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Asexual Form ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract C. rhododendri is a heteroecious rust fungus; an obligate parasite completing stages of its life cycle on different plants. Mating of haploid strains occurs on species of Picea, followed by the production of asexual aeciospores that infect Rhododendron species. Another asexual form producing urediniospores occurs on Rhododendron, followed by the production of teliospores (the sexual stage). All stages are known from Europe. The fungus was reported in 1954 on Rhododendron in the northwestern USA, but the aecial form has not been found in North America. The fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA; it has been introduced into the UK, New Zealand and Australia. As an invasive species, this rust is damaging on species of Picea and Rhododendron. As latent infections on Rhododendron can be overlooked, accidental introduction of the rust may occur through the importation of these popular ornamental plants (Savile, 1973).

Chrysomyxa abietis (needle rust of fir).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract C. abietis is a microcyclic rust fungus; an obligate parasite completing its life cycle on species of Picea (spruce). Only the current year's needles of Picea are infected and those needles are shed early. Reported from northern Europe and Asia, the fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA. It is absent from North America, where susceptible species are native, and Australia and New Zealand, where they are introduced. Although usually not a significant problem in its native range, because conditions are not favourable for heavy infections every year (Smith et al., 1988; Hansen, 1997), this rust could be more damaging as an invasive in other temperate areas. Due to the fact that small amounts of infection may be overlooked, accidental introduction could occur through importation of infected seedlings or young trees.

Thekopsora areolata (cherry spruce rust).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The One ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract T. areolata is a heteroecious rust fungus; an obligate parasite with stages of its life cycle on cones of Picea species and leaves of Prunus spp. Reported from Europe and Asia, the fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA. It is absent from North America, where susceptible species are native or introduced, and Australia and New Zealand, where such species are introduced. Although usually not a major problem in its native range, this rust could be more damaging as an invasive in other temperate areas. Due to the fact that small amounts of infection may be overlooked, accidental introduction could occur through importation of infected cones carrying aeciospores. The one known introduction to North America involved a tree of Prunus sp. in a garden, from which there was no documented spread.

Puccinia gladioli.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Sexual Stage ◽  
Native Range ◽  
The West ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Asexual Form ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract P. gladioli is a heteroecious rust fungus, an obligate parasite with alternating life stages on different plants. The asexual form occurs on species of Valerianella, producing aeciospores that then infect Gladiolus species. The production of teliospores, the sexual stage, on Gladiolus, completes the cycle. Both stages are known in Europe, North Africa and southwestern Asia, but only the aecial form has been reported in North America, and only on the west coast. The fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA (Wise et al., 2004) and is absent from South Africa and Australia, where other Gladiolus species are native or naturalized. Although not a significant problem in its native range, this rust fungus could be damaging as an invasive in other temperate areas. Small amounts of infection may be overlooked; therefore accidental introduction of the rust could occur through importation of infected germplasm by the horticultural industry or flower enthusiasts.

Chrysomyxa himalensis (needle rust of spruce).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Abstract C. himalensis is a heteroecious rust completing different stages of its life cycle on different plants. The teleomorph occurs on Rhododendron species in the Himalayan region of southern Asia; an anamorph is reported on Picea species. Although not a major problem in its narrow native range, this rust fungus could be more damaging as an invasive on Picea and Rhododendron. The fungus is a Regulated Pest for the USA; it is considered potentially damaging to Rhododendron by CAST (2002). Small amounts of perennial or latent infection may be overlooked, therefore accidental introduction of the rust could occur through importation of infected germplasm by the horticultural industry or by flower enthusiasts.

Production of uredinia and telia by stalactiform blister rust in British Columbia

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. van der Kamp
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Dry Areas ◽  
Do So

Records of uredinia and telia production on the alternate hosts of Cronartium coleosporioides in British Columbia and inoculation of Castilleja miniata with aeciospores collected from various locations showed that rust isolates from dry areas of the interior of British Columbia do not produce uredinia and may have lost the ability to do so. Collections from somewhat wetter areas produced uredinia or mixtures of uredinia and telia immediately following aeciospore inoculations, and field collections from such areas in June commonly had mixtures of uredinia and telia. Loss of the uredinial stage may be a response to climates that are often unsuitable for the spread or survival of the rust on the alternate host. Key words: stalactiform rust, uredinia, telia, rust life cycle.

White Pine Blister Rust

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otis C. Maloy
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Disease Cycle ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Pine Stands

White pine blister rust is probably the most destructive disease of five-needle (white) pines in North America. The rust fungus cannot spread from pine to pine but requires an alternate host, Ribes species, to complete the disease cycle. Several management tools might enable the reestablishment of western white pine stands. Accepted for publication 20 September 2001. Published 24 September 2001.

scholarly journals Ecological characteristics of Varroa destructor (parasitiformes, varroidea) and its environmental capacity as a key factor for development of varroosis panzootia

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
I. A. Akimov ◽  
O. P. Korzh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Varroa Mite ◽  
Environmental Capacity ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
High Pathogenicity ◽  
Key Factor

Ecological Characteristics of Varroa destructor (Parasitiformes, Varroidae) and Its Environmental Capacity as a Key Factor for Development of Varroosis Panzootia. Akimov I. A., Korzh O. P. - By means of formalized schematic models of relationship with hosts the varroa mite uniqueness as a parasite is shown. The life cycle of this species requires the change of a host species at different stages of their development and physiological states. Thus the mite parasitizes not only a separate bee but a whole hive. The fact that the whole hive but not a single bee dies during varroosis development supports this idea. The impetus for this type of parasitism is the relative constancy of the environment in the hive supported by bees even in winter. Exactly this fact causes high pathogenicity of the varroa for the honey bee and its control complexity.

scholarly journals Asymmetric exploitation of two echinoid host species by a parasitic pea crab and its consequences for the parasitic life cycle

2010 ◽  
Vol 398 ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
C De Bruyn ◽  
B David ◽  
C De Ridder ◽  
T Rigaud
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Pea Crab ◽  
Parasitic Life Cycle

Puccinia buxi.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
North America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Latent Infections ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
The Usa

Abstract P. buxi is an autoecious microcyclic rust, completing its life cycle with two spore forms on one host. It is native to parts of Europe and Asia. An introduction to the USA, is evidence that it can be invasive with respect to other temperate countries, particularly because its hosts in the genus Buxus are often propagated vegetatively and may carry latent infections. Boxwoods have long been popular as ornamentals, therefore the rust's current absence from North America and temperate regions of the southern hemisphere is puzzling; in the earliest introductions of the host, the pathogen would probably have been ignored or overlooked. Conditions of boxwood cultivation may discourage the rust's growth and survival.

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