Globodera pallida (white potato cyst nematode).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Common Method ◽  
White Potato ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
The Andes

Abstract G. pallida originates from the Andes and is known to be present in 55 countries. It is found predominantly in temperate regions as is the related species, Globodera rostochiensis. It is possibly more difficult to manage than G. rostochiensis because there is currently less resistance available in commercially-grown potato cultivars. Egg-laden cysts are the most environmentally resistant and easily transportable stage in the parasites life cycle, and are found in soil particles, on host roots, stolons or tubers. The microscopic size of the cyst makes it difficult to detect, and it can successfully establish new infestations when an appropriate climate and host plant are available. Machinery used on infested land followed by use in otherwise uninfested areas is a common method of spread, for example, fumigation equipment that has not been cleaned before use in another area. Disinfection of farming tools, transport and clothing helps to keep uninfested land free from G. pallida. Wind, rain and flood water are also capable of redistributing viable cysts to create new infestations.

Novel Bioassay Demonstrates Attraction of the White Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera Pallida (Stone) to Non-volatile and Volatile Host Plant Cues

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Farnier ◽  
Marie Bengtsson ◽  
Paul G. Becher ◽  
Johanna Witzell ◽  
Peter Witzgall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
White Potato

An investigation of resistance to the white potato cyst-nematode

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. B. Dale ◽  
M. S. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
White Potato

SUMMARYThe inheritance of resistance to Globodera pallida was studied in seedling progenies derived from Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC 2802 (H3) and S. vernei and compared with resistance to G. rostochiensis derived from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC 1673(H1). The resistance of CPC 2802 was originally thought to be due to a major gene (H3), but results presented here demonstrate that it and that derived from S. vernei are inherited in a similar manner quite distinct from the major gene inheritance from CPC 1673 (HI). It is concluded that the resistances derived from CPC 2802 and S. vernei are both polygenic in nature. These findings are discussed in relation to breeding policy and screening methods.

The ability of rhizosphere bacteria isolated from nematode host and non-host plants to influence the hatch in vitro of the two potato cyst nematode species, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aileen Ryan ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacillus Spp

AbstractSeventy bacteria, isolated from the rhizosphere of the potato cyst nematode (PCN) host plant, potato, were cultured in the presence and absence of potato root leachate (PRL) and the resultant culture filtrates were analysed for their ability to affect the hatch in vitro of the two PCN species. Of the isolates tested, nine had a significant effect on PCN hatch. Six affected Globodera pallida hatch and three affected G. rostochiensis hatch. Five of the isolates significantly increased hatch only when cultured in the presence of PRL. Three of the isolates decreased PCN hatch significantly in PRL. Only one isolate increased hatch significantly in the absence of PRL. No isolate affected the hatch of both species. Six of the nine isolates that significantly affected PCN hatch had been pre-selected by culturing on PRL. Bacterial isolates from PCN non-hosts (14 from wheat, 17 from sugar beet) were also tested for hatching activity. The principal effect of the hatch-active isolates from the PCN non-host plants was to increase PCN hatch in the presence of PRL. In contrast to the host bacteria results, the isolates from non-host plants affected only G. rostochiensis hatch (three wheat isolates and four sugar beet isolates significantly increased G. rostochiensis hatch); no such isolate affected G. pallida hatch significantly in the presence of PRL. Ten isolates (32%) from non-host plants had the ability to increase significantly the hatch of PCN in the absence of PRL (eight of these affected G. rostochiensis hatch and four affected G. pallida hatch), compared to only one bacterial isolate (1%) from a host plant. The majority of the isolates from non-hosts produced PCN species-specific effects, as with the bacteria isolated from potatoes, although two wheat isolates increased the hatch of both species significantly in the absence of PRL. Of 20 hatch-active bacterial isolates (from all three plants) identified, 70% were Bacillus spp. Other genera identified were Arthrobacter , Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus .

scholarly journals Comparative genomics among three cyst nematode species reveals distinct evolutionary histories among effector families and an irregular distribution of effector-associated promoter motifs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris J.M. van Steenbrugge ◽  
Sven van den Elsen ◽  
Martijn Holterman ◽  
Jose L. Lozano-Torres ◽  
Vera Putker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Additional Reference

Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), an umbrella term used for two species, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis, belong worldwide to the most harmful pathogens of potato. Pathotype-specific host plant resistances are an essential handle for PCN control. However, the poor delineation of G. pallida pathotypes hampers the efficient use of available host plant resistances. Long-read sequencing technology allowed us to generate a new reference genome of G. pallida population D383 and, as compared to the current reference, the new genome assembly is 42 times less fragmented. For comparison of diversification patterns of six effector families between G. pallida and G. rostochiensis, an additional reference genome was generated for an outgroup, the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii (IRS population). Large evolutionary contrasts in effector family topologies were observed. While VAPs diversified before the split between the three cyst nematode species, the families GLAND5 and GLAND13 only expanded in PCN after their separation from the genus Heterodera. Although DNA motifs in the promoter regions thought to be involved in the orchestration of effector expression (DOG boxes) were present in all three cyst nematode species, their presence is not a necessity for dorsal gland-produced effectors. Notably, DOG box dosage was only loosely correlated with expression level of individual effector variants. Comparison of the G. pallida genome with those of two other cyst nematodes underlined the fundamental differences in evolutionary history between effector families. Re-sequencing of PCN populations with deviant virulence characteristics will allow for the linking of these characteristics with the composition of the effector repertoire as well as for the mapping of PCN diversification patterns resulting from extreme anthropogenic range expansion.

scholarly journals Monosaccharide constituents of potato root exudate influence hatching of the white potato cyst nematode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A Bell ◽  
Waddah Mobayed ◽  
Catherine J Lilley ◽  
Peter Urwin
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudate ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Potato Root ◽  
White Potato ◽  
Management Schemes

Plants secrete a large array of compounds into the rhizosphere to facilitate interactions with their biotic environment. Some of these exuded-compounds stimulate the hatching of obligate plant-parasitic nematodes, ultimately leading to a detrimental effect on the host plant. Determining these cues can help to provide new mechanisms for control and aid nematode management schemes. Here we show that glucose, fructose and arabinose, which are all present in potato root exudate (PRE), induce hatching of white potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida) eggs whereas five other PRE-sugars had no effect. Although these monosaccharides resulted in significant hatching none induced the same level as PRE, suggesting that other components, possibly in combination, contribute to stimulation of nematode hatching. Glucose, but not arabinose or fructose, was also observed to attract juvenile G. pallida, indicating that these hatch-inducing components can have different roles in different stages of the life cycle. Applying a solution of these monosaccharides to G. pallida-infested soil pre-potato planting initiated hatching in the absence of a host. Host absence resulted in nematode mortality and a reduction in the G. pallida population. Therefore, subsequent invasion of the crop post-planting was also reduced, compared to untreated soil. Our data suggest that monosaccharide components of PRE play an important role in the hatching and attraction of G. pallida. As a result the hatch-inducing monosaccharides can be applied as a pre-planting treatment to induce hatching and reduce subsequent infection rates.  

General and specific combining ability of potato parents for resistance to the white potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida)

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Phillips ◽  
Linda A. Wilson ◽  
J. M. S. Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
White Potato ◽  
Solanum Vernei

The practical value of obtaining estimates of general combining ability (GCA) from data accumulated in a breeding programme has been discussed by Gilbert (1967). In this study use has been made of data collected during the course of screening potato breeding material, derived from Solanum vernei Bitt. et Wittm., for resistance to the white potato cyst nematode, Qlobodera pallida (Stone) Mulvey & Stone, to assess the relative contributions of GCA and specific combining ability (SCA) by the procedure described by England (1974) which is based on Gilbert's (1967) method.

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