A Cleaner Process for Short-Term Preservation of Hides using Wheat Bran

Salting is the most common method to preserve hides and skins. However, this preservation system requires the generation of large amounts of contaminated salt, approximately three million tons per year. In recent years several researchers have suggested different methods for the short-term preservation of hides using plant-based formulations, which either minimize or even completely eliminate the use of salt in the process. In this work, the possibility of using wheat bran for this purpose was studied. Two methods of application (dry and aqueous solution) have been developed. They enable the preservation of hides for one month, reducing by half the salt used in the preservation stage without undermining the quality of the final leather. These two methods contribute to the improvement of the overall sustainability of the tanning process. With dry application, the use of salt is avoided and preservation occurs because the hide is dried. The application in aqueous solution (10% wheat bran) requires its previous hydrolysis and a minimum amount of salt (10ºBé). The preservation occurs because the acidity of the hide is increased.

Travelling Salesman Problem Generalized Interval Arithmetic

The travelling salesman problem is one of the famous combinatorial optimization problem and has been intensively studied in the last decades. We present a new extension of the basics problem, where travel times are specified as a range of possible values. Keywords: Fuzzy sets, Arithmetic operation on interval, least common method, travelling salesman problem.

Development and Implementation of Two Compression Set Tools in a Wellbore Clean Out String

Running two compression set tools in a single wellbore clean out string, typically a bypass tool and negative test packer, has been a significant industry challenge to operate reliably. The need for running these types of tools is generally driven by the need to perform a negative test on a liner top and achieve high flow rates necessary to hydraulically remove debris from the well. Combining these operations into a single run is an increasingly common method to reduce rig time and cost for the operator. Tools to perform this type of operation are generally available from many service providers, however difficulties and challenges arise when trying to manipulate two different tools in the same string that function by the same compression set method. These operations do have a history that is partially successful, however on a long term basis reliability is generally considered poor by most operators, as a failure to manipulate the tools correctly can result in a failed run and a trip out of the hole. This paper discusses the development and successful field deployment of a system of two compression set tools to address this specific challenge while improving reliability over existing solutions.

Water management complexes as objects of recreation and ecological tourism

The article deals with water management complexes, including hydraulic structures and reservoirs. The purpose of the study is to identify the attractiveness, significance and potential of such complexes as objects of recreational and ecological tourism. The analysis of unique hydrotechnical objects of different countries of the world is carried out. The features of their designs and ways to increase the attractiveness of objects for tourists are shown. The simplest and most common method of increasing the recreational potential of a water management facility is the arrangement of species sites. It is much less common to arrange organized recreation areas for participants of the natural tourism route using hydraulic structures or separate entertainment attractions for tourists. Significantly more complex complexes with the inclusion of high-and medium-pressure dams are typical for recreational park areas. A separate group includes objects that serve as historical and educational sites or monuments of history, culture and technology. Thus, the analysis revealed a wide variety of uses of hydrotechnical objects as attractive places for recreation and eco-tourism. The conclusion is made about the expediency of the development of the considered areas of use of water management complexes.

Analysis of available shared transport solutions in Krakow

Sharing modes of transport in Kraków: in the context of the transport policy of large cities, it is worth noting sharing as an increasingly common method of transport. The policy of sharing: cars, scooters, bicycles and motor scooter has become an important way to complement public transport. The aim of this paper is to analyse the available shared transport modes used by Krakow residents and their impact on the environment, over the last few years. The increase in popularity of available shared transport solutions is due, among other things, to their availability and relatively low cost of use. This solution is a response to the needs of modern cities and has a positive impact on the environment.

CarboGrove: a resource of glycan-binding specificities through analyzed glycan-array datasets from all platforms

The volume and value of glycan-array data are increasing, but no common method and resource exists to analyze, integrate, and use the available data. To meet this need, we developed a resource of analyzed glycan-array data called CarboGrove. Building on the ability to process and interpret data from any type of glycan array, we populated the database with the results from 35 types of glycan arrays, 13 glycan families, 5 experimental methods, and 19 laboratories or companies. In meta-analyses of glycan-binding proteins, we observed glycan-binding specificities that were not uncovered from single sources. In addition, we confirmed the ability to efficiently optimize selections of glycan-binding proteins to be used in experiments for discriminating between closely related motifs. CarboGrove yields unprecedented access to the wealth of glycan-array data being produced and powerful capabilities for both experimentalists and bioinformaticians.

Simulating effect of neonate body position on carbon dioxide tension in oxygen tent

Oxygen therapy is a common method of respiratory support, but its use involves the risk of carbon dioxide recycling and the development of hypercapnia in the patient.The aim of the study. Assess the carbon dioxide tension in the oxygen tent depending on the patient's body position in the experimental newborn Model.Materials and Methods. The study was performed on the phantom of the newborn. Influence of 3 patient positions at fresh mixture feed rate 2.5, 5, 7 and 10 l/min is evaluated. Monitoring of the carbon dioxide tension was carried out using Testo 480, measurements were carried out for 60 minutes.Results of the study. A clear relationship was established between the position of the newborn's body and the tension of carbon dioxide in the oxygen tent. The minimum tension of carbon dioxide is noted in the patient's position ≪on the back≪ at a fresh mixture feed rate of 7.5 l/minute and is 527 ± 64 ppm, and the maximum ‒ in the child's position ≪on the stomach≪ at the same oxygen-air mixture feed rate: 1180 ± 63 ppm.Conclusion. The position of the newborn baby's body is the main factor affecting the carbon dioxide stress in the oxygen tent.

Anastomotic Troubleshooting

Anastomotic leak remains a critical and feared complication in colorectal surgery. The development of a leak can be catastrophic for a patient, resulting in overall increased morbidity and mortality. To help mitigate this risk, there are several ways to assess and potentially validate the integrity of a new anastomosis to give the patient the best chance of avoiding this postoperative complication. A majority of anastomoses will appear intact with no obvious sign of anastomotic dehiscence on gross examination. However, each anastomosis should be interrogated before the conclusion of an operation. The most common method to assess for an anastomotic leak is the air leak test (ALT). The ALT is a safe intraoperative method utilized to test the integrity of left-sided colon and rectal anastomoses and most importantly allows the ability to repair a failed test before concluding the operation. Additional troubleshooting is sometimes needed due to technical difficulties with the circular stapler. Problems, such as incomplete doughnuts and stapler misfiring, do occur and each surgeon should be prepared to address them.

An updated insect exclosure design for pollination ecology

Exclosures are a common method for quantifying the effects of animal pollinators on flowering plant species. However, a lack of standardized designs or clear descriptions of previously implemented exclosure designs decreases replicability in pollination studies and reduces scientific rigor. We summarized previous descriptions of pollination exclosure designs, and developed/tested a novel exclosure design in alpine environments on the Beartooth Plateau in northern Wyoming, USA. This exclosure design consists of a cylindrical internal wire frame, integrated ground stakes, and various mesh materials attached to the exterior. Exclosures on the plateau showed high efficacy in inhibiting insects from pollinating flowering plants, and nearly all of these exclosures remained functional throughout the time they were in place. Our updated exclosure design is effective, inexpensive, easy to produce, and widely applicable across differing ecosystems and experimental design types.

Relationship between organizational identification and employee voice: A meta-analysis

The extant literature contains conflicting findings about the relationship between organizational identification and employee voice. To estimate a more realistic correlation between these two variables, we conducted a meta-analysis of 40 empirical studies associated with organizational identification and employee voice. We also analyzed cultural context, education level, common method variance, and the measurement scale used in each study as moderators of the relationship between organizational identification and employee voice. The results show that organizational identification had a positive association with employee voice, and that the moderating role of cultural context was not significant, whereas education level, measurement scales, and common method variance were significant moderators. On the basis of our meta-analysis results, we propose that human resource managers pay attention to the effect of organizational identification in eliciting employee voice, and implement policies that allow employees to express more ideas that promote organizational development in practice.