Bifusella linearis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

Author(s):  
D. W. Minter

Abstract A description is provided for Bifusella linearis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pinus albicaulis, P. flexilis, P. monticola, P. strobus. DISEASE: Needle blight and needle cast of white pines, tar spot needle cast, Bifusella blight. The disease apparently occurs only under moist conditions, and since its effects are usually limited to defoliation of needles two or three years old, it is not devastating. Probably infects young needles but macrosymptoms do not show up until the following spring when needles become blighted from the tip part-way to the base. The disease tends to occur principally in the lower crown (47, 2867). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Canada: British Columbia, Ontario, U.S.A. : California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Washington, Wisconsin). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in wet or humid weather.

Author(s):  
J. M. Pérez

Abstract A description is provided for Sporisorium everhartii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: No fruits develop in infected parts of the plants. HOSTS: Andropogon glomeratus, A. brachystachys, A. floridanus, A. furcatus, A. geradi, A. glomeratus, A. microstachyus, A. scoparius, A. ternarius, A. virginicus, Gayona densiflora, Hyparrhenia diplandra, H. ruprechtii, Schizachyrium hirtiflorum (A. hirtiflorus), S. tenerum (A. tener) and S. scorparium (Poaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Congo, South Africa (Transvaal). NORTH AMERICA: Mexico, USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia). CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba. TRANSMISSION: Probably by air-borne teliospores. Wind is the most common dispersal mode of smut teliospores.


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Mull. Fungi: Ascomycota: Diaporthales Hosts: Hazelnut (Corylus spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, USA, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Washington, Wisconsin.


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet. Hosts: Pine (Pinus) spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, Japan, USSR, Georgia, Europe, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Nancy, German Federal Republic, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USSR, Estonia, Lithuania, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Wisconsin, Vermont.


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Grapevine red blotch-associated virus. Host: grapes (Vitis vinifera). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Korea Republic) and North America (Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, USA, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Idaho, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia and Washington).


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Atropellis tingens Lohman & Cash. Hosts: Pine (Pinus spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada (British Columbia, Nova Scotia), USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Me., Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnisota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Texas).


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for "Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini". Bacteria. Hosts: Fraxinus and Syringa species. Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Saskatchewan, Canada, and Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming, USA).


Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue

Abstract A description is provided for Anthracoidea caricis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Carex pilulifera, Carex montana and occasionally other species of Carex in section Montanae. In addition to these, its regular principal and accessory hosts, a few A. caricis sori occur rarely on other, probably unrelated, species of Carex. DISEASE: Smut of Carex. Since the ovaries are destroyed, infected flowers cannot set seed. However, infection is not systemic but is confined to individual florets, often leaving parts of the inflorescence to develop normally; seed production is therefore reduced, not prevented entirely. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: Austria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece (52, 2856), Hungary, Iceland, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (European region), Sweden, Switzerland, UK (Scotland); North America: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, NS, NT, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan); Greenland; USA (Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Massachussetts, ME, Montana, MN, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Wyoming) (Kukkonen, 1963; 69, 2765). TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores and basidiospores are disseminated by wind and rain, possibly also by insects living in the sedge tussocks. Infection occurs in individual inflorescences. It is thought that high latitude and altitude favour infection because a comparatively short vegetation period increases the chances of synchronous anthesis and ustilospore germination and therefore of successful infection. High atmospheric humidity also may be important for infection (Nannfeldt, 1979).


Author(s):  
D. W. Minter

Abstract A description is provided for Coccomyces strobi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pinus ayacahuite, P. excelsa [= P. wallichiana] (twig), P. monticola (twig), P. strobus (twig), P. wallichiana. Most records are on P. strobus. DISEASE: Coccomyces strobi is found on recently killed twigs of 5-needle pines. Sherwood (60, 1319) noted that 'since the fungus is nearly ubiquitous and appears soon after the death of the portions of the host on which it occurs, it is tempting to brand it as parasitic'. The twigs on which it occurs are typically rather brittle, suggesting that, like Therrya fuckelii (IMI Description 1297), T. pini (IMI Description 1298) and Colpoma quercinum (IMI Description 942), this fungus may have a rôle in self-pruning of the tree. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario), Hungary, Ukraine, USA (Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin). European records are on Pinus strobus, a native of North America. The fungus is thus most probably also to be a native of North America, which has travelled to Europe with its host. The record from Ukraine is tentative, based on a collection with rather old ascomata. The record from Washington State on P. monticola appears to be the first from west of the Rockies. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions; in the USA, ascomata containing ascospores have been observed from May to August.


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Sclerotinia narcissicola Greg. Hosts: Narcissus. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, Iraq, USSR, Australasia, Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand, Europe, Channel Island, Jersey, Guernsey, Denmark, Germany, Irish Republic, Netherlands, Norway, UK, North America, Canada, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, USA, North Carolina, New York, Oregon, Virginia, WA.


Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon

Abstract A description is provided for Protoventuria alpina, which produces spots on living leaves but is more often encountered as ascomata on dead leaves which may have died as a result of parasitism by the fungus. It occurs in at least some of the habitats where its associated plants are found, including moorland and open conifer woodland. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (Newfoundland, Quebec), USA (California, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia, Washington)), Europe (Austria, Finland, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK)) and hosts (including Arctostaphylos spp.). No reports of negative economic impacts of this fungus have been found.


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