Mycosphaerella henningsii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Lower Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Leaf Veins ◽  
Severe Infections

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella henningsii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Manihot esculenta (cassava, manioc), M. glaziovii (manicoba, ceara rubber), M. palmata and, under laboratory conditions, Ipomoea sp. (36: 82). DISEASE: Brown leaf spot, sometimes referred to as leaf blight of cassava. At first the lesions start as small circular greenish yellow spots. These enlarge and become angular as they are delimited by the major leaf veins; on the upper leaf surface the spots are tan to light tan, 1-8 mm diam. with a dark brown slightly raised border. Minor leaf veins crossing the leaf spot are seen as black necrotic lines. In severe infections the leaf spots are surrounded by a yellow halo caused by a toxin produced by the advancing mycelium (Teri et al., 1977). On the lower leaf surface the spots are less distinct. Eventually the lesions may coalesce, and cause premature defoliation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Generally found wherever cassava is cultivated (Teri, 1977). Africa: most countries; Asia: Jordan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand; North America: Dominican Republic, USA (Florida); South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Probably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia. During the dry season the fungus survives on the crop debris.

Pseudocercospora timorensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora timorensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), I. biloba, I. campanulata, I. cordofana, I. muricata, I. peltata, I. setifera.DISEASE: Leaf spot or brown leaf spot of sweet potato. Small circular lesions first form on the leaf borders and tips before spreading over the leaf surface. These leaf spots enlarge becoming brown to dark brown in colour with a verruculose surface. The larger leaf veins may delimit the spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: most countries; Asia: Hong-Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan; Australasia: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands; North America: West Indies (St Lucia). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia.

Cercospora malayensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora malayensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Hibiscus abelmoschus (musk mallow), H. cannabinus (deccan hemp), H. esculentus (okra), H. fisculatus, H. mutabilis, H. sabdariffa, H. suranensis, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Sphaeralcea cisplaniina. DISEASE: Leaf spot or brown leaf spot of Hibiscus spp. The first symptoms are yellowish patches on the leaf surface. These then become necrotic and gradually expand into irregular greyish brown leaf spots with dark brown to purple borders, surrounded by a pale yellow halo. Ultimately the necrotic areas become shrivelled and crack (30, 445). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The fungus is found wherever Hibiscus is cultivated (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Mauritius, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe; Asia: Borneo, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines; Australasia: Fiji, Papua New Guinea; North America: West Indies (Jamaica, Trinidad, Cuba); South America: Colombia, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and rain-splash dispersed conidia.

Septoria chrysanthemella. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Chrysanthemum Indicum ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Black Leaf Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria chrysanthemella. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Chrysanthemum indicum, C. japonicum, C. morifolium, C. parthenium. Also by inoculation on C. azaleanum, C. koreanum, C. leueanthemum, C. segetum, C. roseum, Tagetes patula, Centaurea cyanus (Punithalingam & Wheeler, 1965; Schneider, 1959). DISEASE: Formerly known as brown leaf spot or blight (Halsted, 1891; Cavara, 1892; Salmon, 1907; Moore, 1959) but now referred to as the black leaf spot of chrysanthemum (Hemmi & Nakamura 1927; Waddel & Weber, 1963) in order to distinguish the symptoms from those produced by Septoria obesa (CMI Descript. 139). The first visible leaf symptom is a small discrete necrotic spot. This gradually develops into a circular or elliptical spot seldom irregular, about 5-10 mm wide, at first dark brown, then turning black. Leaf spots of a purple to brown colour, with a distinct brown margin are not uncommon. The disease appears in susceptible chrysanthemum plants of all ages, first on the lower leaves and then gradually progressing upwards. This is a disfiguring disease and in a severe attack all leaves wither resulting in premature defoliation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique); Asia (China, Formosa, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (Austria, Azores, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Yugoslavia, U.S.S.R.); North America (Canada, U.S.A.), Central America (Costa Rica, Cuba). (Literature; Herb. IMI). TRANSMISSION: Dimock & Allyn (24: 192) suggested the pathogen may survive the winter in the soil in infected debris from the previous season. The fungus may be disseminated by water splash or by mechanical means as with S. obesa.

Cercospora duddiae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Necrotic Tissue ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora duddiae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Allium ascalonicum, A. cepa, A. fistulosum, A porrum, A. sativum. DISEASE: Leaf spot or withertip on onion and garlic. The symptoms vary on the different host species. On onion circular, chlorotic spots 3-5 mm diam. form mainly on the tip of the leaf, gradually decreasing in number towards the leaf base. The lesions at the leaf tip coalesce, forming a dry greyish-brown area, and in severe cases the entire leaf tip may be killed. The base of the leaf is mottled with brown necrotic leaf spots. Eventually the necrotic tissue may spread down the leaf surface, delimited by a narrow band (3 mm) of chlorotic tissue (Welles, 1923). Rarely does the disease cause much damage (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Mauritius, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Uganda; Asia: Borneo, Brunei, Burma, India, Indonesia, Oman, The Yemen; Australasia: Papua New Guinea; North America: West Indies (Barbados, Jamaica). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne or water-splash dispersed conidia, and by transportation with onion parts. The fungus is also reported to be seed borne (Chupp & Sherf, 1960).

Pseudocercospora contraria. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Severe Infections

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora contraria. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Dioscoria spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot of yams. Plant growth is not affected, but in severe infections some of the leaves, especially the older ones may be totally covered by the leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (most countries); Asia: India, Indonesia (Java). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia.

Chaetoseptoriawellmanii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Chaetoseptoriawellmanii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata (=Vigna sinensis). DISEASE: Brown leaf spot of Phaseolus and Vigna. At first lesions appear as small purplish brown or chocolate spots with distinct margins. With the progress of infection spots enlarge, occasionally coalesce, turn reddish-brown and become rounded or irregular reaching up to 1 cm wide with lighter or whitish centres. Older lesions become distinct on both surfaces with distinct margins prominent on the upper surfaces with pycnidia scattered within the spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador) South America (? Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Little information exists on natural infection and how the disease spreads in the field. It is possible that conidia could be dispersed by water splash and the fungus might survive in crop debris left from previous years.

Asterina nyanzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Gain Energy

Abstract A description is provided for Asterina nyanzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: recorded from Grewia asiatica (syn. G. elastica), G. excelsa (syn. G. rothii), G. nyanzae [recorded as such in the original publication and on the isotype in IMI but this name cannot be traced]. DISEASE: this species is a presumed biotroph, usually occurring on symptomless leaf tissue, especially where leaves are old. However, nutrition in Asterina has not been studied in any detail, and it is possible that the colonies gain energy from cuticular waxes or honeydew, and the appressoria are structures associated with attachment rather than parasitism. In one specimen studied, the colonies were associated with, and apparently causing poorly defined brown leaf spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: recorded from India, Nepal and Uganda. TRANSMISSION: this has not been studied, but presumably ascospores are wind-dispersed and conidia transmitted by water-splash.

Cercospora cruenta. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Stem Lesions

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora cruenta[Mycosphaerella cruenta]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Vigna sinensis[Vigna unguiculata] and V. unguiculata; also on Calopogonium, Lablab niger, Phaseolus spp. and Stizolobium deeringianum[Mucuna pruriens]. DISEASE: Leaf spot of cowpea. On Phaseolus aureus[Vigna radiata] the leaf spots are more or less circular, purplish-red and mostly with light grey centres, usually 3-4 mm diam. ; large, irregular necrotic patches, limited by the veins, are formed, pods are destroyed, purplish stem lesions are up to 4 cm long (4, 75). On Vigna sinensis[Vigna unguiculata] the reddish-brown leaf spots (becoming necrotic) can be 1 cm diam., outline irregular, there may be coalescence of the spots and leaflets wither (14, 280; 42, 168). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in warmer regions. TRANSMISSION: No studies reported.

Cercospora circumscissa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora circumscissa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Prunus amygdalus, P. avium, P. cerasus, P. domestica, P. persica, P. spinosa. DISEASE: Leaf spot or 'shot hole' of stone fruit trees. The disease first appears early in the season on the younger leaves as yellowish spots with dark centres. The margin of the spots then becomes thickened and dark or reddish-brown, while the centre becomes grey, dries, shrinks and ultimately falls out. Eventually most of the leaves on the tree become riddled with holes. Shallow circular leaf spots may also form on the branches and the fruit (McAlpine, 1902). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Morocco, Zimbabwe; Asia: Cyprus, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Palestine, Australasia: Australia (Queensland), Europe: Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Romania Turkey, USSR (Russia), Yugoslavia; North America: USA (Alabama, California, Florida); South America: Argentina. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne and water splash-dispersed conidia (McAlpine, 1902). The fungus survives adverse conditions in the fallen foliage as stromatic cells or as the teleomorph.

Recurrent Phenotypic Selection for Resistance to Brown Leaf Spot in Smooth Bromegrass 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde C. Berg ◽  
Robert T. Sherwood ◽  
Kenneth E. Zeiders
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Selection For
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