Cercospora malayensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora malayensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Hibiscus abelmoschus (musk mallow), H. cannabinus (deccan hemp), H. esculentus (okra), H. fisculatus, H. mutabilis, H. sabdariffa, H. suranensis, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Sphaeralcea cisplaniina. DISEASE: Leaf spot or brown leaf spot of Hibiscus spp. The first symptoms are yellowish patches on the leaf surface. These then become necrotic and gradually expand into irregular greyish brown leaf spots with dark brown to purple borders, surrounded by a pale yellow halo. Ultimately the necrotic areas become shrivelled and crack (30, 445). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The fungus is found wherever Hibiscus is cultivated (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Mauritius, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe; Asia: Borneo, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines; Australasia: Fiji, Papua New Guinea; North America: West Indies (Jamaica, Trinidad, Cuba); South America: Colombia, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and rain-splash dispersed conidia.

Pseudocercospora timorensis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora timorensis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), I. biloba, I. campanulata, I. cordofana, I. muricata, I. peltata, I. setifera.DISEASE: Leaf spot or brown leaf spot of sweet potato. Small circular lesions first form on the leaf borders and tips before spreading over the leaf surface. These leaf spots enlarge becoming brown to dark brown in colour with a verruculose surface. The larger leaf veins may delimit the spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: most countries; Asia: Hong-Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan; Australasia: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands; North America: West Indies (St Lucia). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia.

Mycosphaerella henningsii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Lower Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Leaf Veins ◽  
Severe Infections

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella henningsii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Manihot esculenta (cassava, manioc), M. glaziovii (manicoba, ceara rubber), M. palmata and, under laboratory conditions, Ipomoea sp. (36: 82). DISEASE: Brown leaf spot, sometimes referred to as leaf blight of cassava. At first the lesions start as small circular greenish yellow spots. These enlarge and become angular as they are delimited by the major leaf veins; on the upper leaf surface the spots are tan to light tan, 1-8 mm diam. with a dark brown slightly raised border. Minor leaf veins crossing the leaf spot are seen as black necrotic lines. In severe infections the leaf spots are surrounded by a yellow halo caused by a toxin produced by the advancing mycelium (Teri et al., 1977). On the lower leaf surface the spots are less distinct. Eventually the lesions may coalesce, and cause premature defoliation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Generally found wherever cassava is cultivated (Teri, 1977). Africa: most countries; Asia: Jordan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand; North America: Dominican Republic, USA (Florida); South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Probably by wind-borne and water-splash dispersed conidia. During the dry season the fungus survives on the crop debris.

Cercospora carbonacea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora carbonacea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Dioscoria spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot of yams. Causes fairly large, 5-20 mm, angular leaf spots, which are usually delimited by the leaf veins. The dark brown to almost black leaf spots give an almost charred appearance to the leaves, while on the lower surface the spots are grey becoming brown with age. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Asia: Burma, India, North America: Canada (Ontario), West Indies (Barbados, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Vincent, Puerto Rico, Trinidad); South America: Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind-borne and rain-splash dispersed conidia, surviving adverse periods in crop debris.

Cercospora duddiae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Necrotic Tissue ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora duddiae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Allium ascalonicum, A. cepa, A. fistulosum, A porrum, A. sativum. DISEASE: Leaf spot or withertip on onion and garlic. The symptoms vary on the different host species. On onion circular, chlorotic spots 3-5 mm diam. form mainly on the tip of the leaf, gradually decreasing in number towards the leaf base. The lesions at the leaf tip coalesce, forming a dry greyish-brown area, and in severe cases the entire leaf tip may be killed. The base of the leaf is mottled with brown necrotic leaf spots. Eventually the necrotic tissue may spread down the leaf surface, delimited by a narrow band (3 mm) of chlorotic tissue (Welles, 1923). Rarely does the disease cause much damage (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Mauritius, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Uganda; Asia: Borneo, Brunei, Burma, India, Indonesia, Oman, The Yemen; Australasia: Papua New Guinea; North America: West Indies (Barbados, Jamaica). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne or water-splash dispersed conidia, and by transportation with onion parts. The fungus is also reported to be seed borne (Chupp & Sherf, 1960).

Septoria chrysanthemella. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Chrysanthemum Indicum ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Brown Leaf Spot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Black Leaf Spot

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria chrysanthemella. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Chrysanthemum indicum, C. japonicum, C. morifolium, C. parthenium. Also by inoculation on C. azaleanum, C. koreanum, C. leueanthemum, C. segetum, C. roseum, Tagetes patula, Centaurea cyanus (Punithalingam & Wheeler, 1965; Schneider, 1959). DISEASE: Formerly known as brown leaf spot or blight (Halsted, 1891; Cavara, 1892; Salmon, 1907; Moore, 1959) but now referred to as the black leaf spot of chrysanthemum (Hemmi & Nakamura 1927; Waddel & Weber, 1963) in order to distinguish the symptoms from those produced by Septoria obesa (CMI Descript. 139). The first visible leaf symptom is a small discrete necrotic spot. This gradually develops into a circular or elliptical spot seldom irregular, about 5-10 mm wide, at first dark brown, then turning black. Leaf spots of a purple to brown colour, with a distinct brown margin are not uncommon. The disease appears in susceptible chrysanthemum plants of all ages, first on the lower leaves and then gradually progressing upwards. This is a disfiguring disease and in a severe attack all leaves wither resulting in premature defoliation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique); Asia (China, Formosa, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (Austria, Azores, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Yugoslavia, U.S.S.R.); North America (Canada, U.S.A.), Central America (Costa Rica, Cuba). (Literature; Herb. IMI). TRANSMISSION: Dimock & Allyn (24: 192) suggested the pathogen may survive the winter in the soil in infected debris from the previous season. The fungus may be disseminated by water splash or by mechanical means as with S. obesa.

Cochliobolus pallescens. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Windward Islands

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus pallescens. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on many graminicolous and non-graminicolous hosts. Important cereals and grasses include Eleusine, Hordeum, Oryza, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Poa, Saccharum, Setaria, Sorghum, Triticum and Zea economically important dicot hosts include Allium (59, 4867), Arachis (53, 1647), Brassica (66, 3075), Canna, Calendula, Calotropis (44, 1832; 66, 3587), Carica (61, 5129), Cinnamomum, Citrus (68, 843), Coriandrum, Dahlia, Fagopyrum (64, 2425), Gaillardia, Hevea (56, 1257; 67, 5560), Musa (54, 4051), Solanum (50, 3484). DISEASE: Leaf spots of cereals, black point of wheat (44, 102), leaf spot and on stems of rubber (56, 1257; 67, 5560), ear rot of barley (62, 1005), rot of garlic (59, 4867). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Windward Islands, Zambia, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.

Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Leaf Spots

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis mangiferae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Mangifera indica; also on Anacardium occidentale, Combretum decandrum, Eucalyptus spp., Mimusops spp., Vitis vinifera and many other unrelated host plants. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot of Mangifera indica. The spots vary in size from a few mm to several cm in length, are usually sharply delimited by a dark, raised border, and are silvery grey above and grey to brown below; leaf spots on other hosts are similar. Brown spot or rot of mango fruits is also known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia; Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sabah, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka; Australia; Dominican Republic; Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Inoculation studies with conidia and mycelium have shown P. mangiferae to be a weak parasite, capable of infecting young injured leaves, injured fruits, older uninjured leaves and healthy fruits if in contact with diseased tissue (35, 378; 40, 421). It has been isolated from soil, but the possibility of transmission through soil has not been investigated.

Erwinia mallotivora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Secondary Spread ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Mallotus Japonicus ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Erwinia mallotivora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae). DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot. The disease starts as water-soaked spots on the newly developing leaves in May and June. The spots tend to form close to the main veins. They enlarge and become angular as they are restricted by the veins, becoming dark brown, and often with a chlorotic halo about 1 mm wide. Spots may coalesce and kill the leaf, and shoot blight may also occur. Under humid conditions bacteria may exude on to the leaf surface. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Japan. TRANSMISSION: Unknown, but presumably rain splash plays a part at least in secondary spread.

Phoma sorghina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma sorghina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gramineae and all kinds of plants. Also isolated from soil, air and various animal sources. DISEASE: A minor leaf spot of cereals and grasses. The visible symptoms vary considerably; on sorghum leaves spots are usually irregular or rounded, yellowish-brown or grey with definite reddish-purple margins or indefinite in outline, reaching 1 cm or more in width. Pycnidia develop within spots on leaves, glumes and seeds. Also the fungus has been implicated with pre- and post-emergence death of seedlings of Macroptilium and Sylosanthes species (54, 1779) crown rot of bananas (61, 3556), leaf spot of Agave americana and stem rot of Euphorbia tirucalli (63, 3383), brown stem canker of Leucosperum cordifolium (56, 253). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: A ubiquitous fungus occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. Africa (Botswana, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe); Asia (Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, USSR); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands); Europe (Germany, Portugal, Italy, UK); North America (Canada, USA); Central America and West Indies (Antigua, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Trinidad); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Probably by contaminated seed; the fungus has been found on or isolated from several seed samples (1, 289; 33, 599; 47, 2153; 54, 1779; 60, 367; 61, 4102). In Taiwan P. sorghina has been found to be transmitted from seed to seedlings (62, 4281). The fungus has also been claimed to persist on trash and weed hosts and remain viable up to 1 yr but lose its viability after 2 yr storage on dry infected leaves (Koch & Rumbold, 1921).

Phomopsis cocoina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Phomopsis cocoina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cocos nucifera and Corypha umbraculifera. DISEASE: Leaf spot of coconut and recently found to be associated with stem bleeding of coconut palms (personal communication). Also perhaps involved in the rot of coconut husk. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, Mauritius, Seychelles); Asia (India, Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak), Nepal, Sri Lanka); Australasia and Oceania (Guam Island, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands); West Indies (Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported; presumably by conidia spread by rain splash.

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