Study of the Impact of Organic Manures and Biofertilizers on growth of Phaseolus aureus Roxb.

Weed sare wild plants growing where they are not wanted, and they compete with the cultivated crop for nutrition. Though they are seen as agricultural waste throughout the year, they are rich sources of nutrients. They grow in abundance during the rainy season, but as the season ends these biomasses get wasted. In the present investigation, Tephrosia hamiltonii Drumm belonging to family Fabaceae, and Achyranthes aspera L. belonging to the family Amaranthaceae were used as a nutrient source to develop crop Phaseolus aureus Roxb. Weed manures, Vermicompost and Compost, were prepared by using weeds T.hamiltonii Drumm and A.aspera L. in 1:1 proportion. Chemical analysis of weed and weed manures were done before administering it into the soil. Neem cake was also used as one of the organic manures. In the experiment, a single dose of biofertilizers Azotobacter and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria were mixed with Weed Vermicompost, Weed Compost and Neem cake; and in one of the treatments, only biofertilizers were used indouble dose. Treatments were given to the crop as ATVB, ATCB, NCB, BioD, NPK, and Control in a randomized block design of experimental plot size 1.5X 1.5 m. The use of chemical pesticides or fertilizers was completely avoided except for NPK treatment plots. Single plant analysis of pulse crop P. aureus Roxb. was done. Observations were recorded in the forms of fresh weight and dry weight of root, stem, leaves, leaf (4th number), and legumes. Total fresh yield (kg ha-1), DM (kg ha-1) increase over control, and Nitrogen efficiency ratio were recorded. Results showed that %DM (an increase over control) and DM kg ha-1 recorded highest in ATVB treatment and the highest N efficiency ratio was in BioD. The present investigation emphasized reducing the input cost of the farm products along with protection of the environment and natural resources.

PENGARUH ELISITOR Al3+ TERHADAP AKUMULASI DAIDZEIN DAN GENISTEIN PADA KALUS Phaseolus vulgaris L. Dan Phaseolus aureus Roxb.

The Estrogen was very beneficial hormone for men and women. Isoflavon compound was natural estrogen source which contain three main compound in chemical form, the aglycones, daidzein and genistein. They were found only 0,25% on plant, exclusively on leguminous plant. An alternative method have been required to overcome these problem, for example, through plant cell culture technic with heavy metal elicitor. The aims of this research were to study the effect of various concentration of Al3+ elicitor and age of culture for callus growth and accumulation of daidzein and genistein from in vitro Phaseolus vulgaris L. And Phaseolus aureus Roxb callus culture. Stable plant callus culture were established and subculture for three times approximately 4 weeks. The calli were elicitated by Al3+ elicitor with 0, 50, 150, 300 µM concentrations and incubated on 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Qualitative data were determined based in changed calli colour, TLC plate and value of Rf. Quantitative data were determined based in fresh and dry weight of the calli and the content of daidzein and genistein compound. Quantitative data were analized using Anova and continued with DMRT 95%. The results showed that the callus growth more influenced by age of culture. The sixth weeks led to higher fresh and dry weight. The Colour of Calli had been changed from white yellowness become brown at the eighth weeks. The texture of Calli have no difference between control and treatment of elicitor, that was friable until the end of treatment. The Calli with addition of elicitor Al3+ with 150 µM concentrations had significantly highest of fresh weight than control, they were over 0,463 g. The Content of daidzein and genistein on Phaseolus vulgaris L. had significantly increased in addition of Al3+ elicitor with 150 µM concentration. But, the content of daidzein and genistein on Phaseolus aureus Roxb. had significantly increased in addition of Al3+ elicitor with 300 µM concentration. Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris L., Phaseolus aureus Roxb., elicitor Al3+, Daidzein, Genistein, Callus Growth.

Exploring the use of legumes as host plant species in Glomus mosseae sporulation

The production of high quality, large scale, pathogen free and homogenous mycorrhizal inoculums are required for research purposes and soil bio-fertility. In the current study, a pot culture technique was followed to produce healthy quality and mass quantity of Glomus mosseae spores for research purposes. Five legumes plants were selected {(pea (Pisum sativum), broad bean, (Vicia faba) black eyed beans (Vigna unguiculata) soybean (Glycine max), and mung beans (Phaseolus aureus)}. The legumes were grown for two months under controlled conditions after pre-inoculated with healthy G. mosseae spores. The highest number of spores was counted in the mung beans rhizosphere and it was the best host in nodules weight production and root colonization rate. Soybeans produced the lowest spore’s number. It was found that the correlation between root colonization rate and spores number in the soil was positive. The rhizobium nodule weight was related positively with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores manipulations in the soil.