Is ‘NO’ news good news? Nitrogen oxides are not components of smoke that elicits germination in two smoke-stimulated species, Nicotiana attenuata and Emmenanthe penduliflora

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Preston ◽  
Romy Becker ◽  
Ian T. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Good News ◽  
Wood Smoke ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Great Basin Desert ◽  
No Donors ◽  
Germination Response

Both the California chaparral species,Emmenanthe pendulifloraBenth. (Hydrophyllaceae), and a tobacco native to the Great Basin Desert of south-western Utah,Nicotiana attenuataTorr. ex Wats. (Solanaceae), germinate in response to component(s) of wood smoke. Nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), in amounts produced by a fire, have been proposed to be germination signals forE. penduliflora. We examined the germination response of dormant seeds ofE. pendulifloraandN. attenuatato aqueous solutions of smoke adjusted to different pHs, and two NO donors [sodium nitroprusside (SNP) andS-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)]. The smoke solutions, at pH 4 or 5, induced the maximum germination response. Aqueous solutions of SNP and SNAP, releasing NOx as high as 42 μM, had no effect on germination. Additionally, NO2–could not be detected in aqueous smoke extracts derived from combusted cellulose or wood. Therefore, unidentified cellulose combustion factors, rather than NOx, are likely to be the ecologically relevant germination signals.

In vitro inhibition of human and rat platelets by NO donors, nitrosoglutathione, sodium nitroprusside and SIN-1, through activation of cGMP-independent pathways

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Priora ◽  
Antonios Margaritis ◽  
Simona Frosali ◽  
Lucia Coppo ◽  
Domenico Summa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
No Donors ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition ◽  
Rat Platelets

scholarly journals Subterranean Caching of Domestic Cow (Bos taurus) Carcasses by American Badgers (Taxidea taxus) in the Great Basin Desert, Utah

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan H. Frehner ◽  
Evan R. Buechley ◽  
Tara Christensen ◽  
Çağan H. Şekercioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Great Basin Desert ◽  
Taxidea Taxus

scholarly journals Summer Watering Patterns of Mule Deer in the Great Basin Desert, USA: Implications of Differential Use by Individuals and the Sexes for Management of Water Resources

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew V. Shields ◽  
Randy T. Larsen ◽  
Jericho C. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Great Basin Desert ◽  
Water Developments ◽  
Conservation And Management

Changes in the abundance and distribution of free water can negatively influence wildlife in arid regions. Free water is considered a limiting factor for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Great Basin Desert. Consequently, a better understanding of differential use of water by individuals and the sexes could influence the conservation and management of mule deer and water resources in their habitats. We deployed remote cameras at all known water sources (13 wildlife water developments and 4 springs) on one mountain range in western Utah, USA, during summer from 2007 to 2011 to document frequency and timing of water use, number of water sources used by males and females, and to estimate population size from individually identified mule deer. Male and female mule deer used different water sources but visited that resource at similar frequencies. Individual mule deer used few water sources and exhibited high fidelity to that resource. Wildlife water developments were frequently used by both sexes. Our results highlight the differing use of water sources by sexes and individual mule deer. This information will help guide managers when siting and reprovisioning wildlife water developments meant to benefit mule deer and will contribute to the conservation and management of this species.

scholarly journals Enemy release from the effects of generalist granivores can facilitate Bromus tectorum invasion in the Great Basin Desert

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 8490-8499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob E. Lucero ◽  
Urs Schaffner ◽  
Ghorbanali Asadi ◽  
Alireza Bagheri ◽  
Toshpulot Rajabov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Great Basin Desert

Vegetation-derived abscisic acid and four terpenes enforce dormancy in seeds of the post-fire annual,Nicotiana attenuata

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Krock ◽  
Sybille Schmidt ◽  
Christian Hertweck ◽  
Ian T. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Wood Smoke ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Germination Inhibitors ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Fire Environment ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis ◽  
Endogenous Aba

AbstractThe native tobacco,Nicotiana attenuata, synchronizes its germination with the immediate post-fire environment with a combination of germination stimulants found in wood smoke and inhibitors from the unburned litter of the dominant vegetation. The inhibitors override the stimulants and prevent seeds from germinating maladaptively in unburned habitats adjacent to burns. To understand the physiological basis of this environmental control of germination, we tested several previously isolated signals, phytohormones and their respective biosynthesis inhibitors. The germination inhibitors methyl jasmonate (MeJA, a constituent of sagebrush litter), bornane-2,5-dione (BD, a constituent of juniper litter extract, JLE) and JLE did not alter abscisic acid (ABA) content of imbibed seeds. Treatment with the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, fluridone, inhibited the dormancy-inducing effects of BD, JLE and MeJA, but surprisingly did not affect endogenous ABA levels in treated seeds. However, ABA leached from litter of the species, which dominate the plant community before fires, plays an important role in germination control. We conclude thatN. attenuataseeds, which can lie dormant in the soil for 150 years between fires, time their germination with the post-fire environment by responding to smoke, ABA and four terpenes (BD, 1,8-cineole, β-thujaplicin and camphor) leaching from the litter of the dominant vegetation.

scholarly journals Smoke and mirrors: reply to Fotheringham and Keeley

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian T. Baldwin ◽  
Catherine A. Preston ◽  
Bernd Krock
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Pyrolysis Products

In their rebuttal, Fotheringham and Keeley (2005) (F&K, hereafter) assert that misinterpretations of previous research, errors in the presentation of the chemistry of nitrogen oxides and devious presentation of experimental results led to the conclusion of Prestonet al.(2004). [These conclusions refute those of Keeley and Fotheringham's publication inScience(Keeley and Fotheringham, 1997).] We disagree and argue that the experimental evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the ecologically relevant germination signals for the two post-fire annuals,Emmenanthe pendulifloraandNicotiana attenuata, are the specific pyrolysis products of cellulose rather than chemical scarification by nitrogen oxides (Keeley and Fotheringham, 1997).

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