Division of Labour in the Honeybee Colony: A Review

Six bees were trained to a dish, from which they collected 20 ml. of sugar-syrup containing radioactive phosphorus. The distribution of radioactivity among the bees and larvae of their colony of 24 500 bees was then studied. 62 % of the foragers and 16 to 21 % of all the bees in the hive were radioactive within 4 h. 76 % of the foragers and 43 to 60 % of all the bees were radioactive within 27 h. The nurse bees were significantly less radioactive than the house bees and the foragers significantly more so. Within 48 h all the large larvae in unsealed cells were radioactive. These results are attributed to widespread food transmission. Food transmission is suggested as the foundation of the division of labour within the honeybee community and of the similar odour produced by the members of each colony, which serves for mutual recognition. Food transmission would enable slow-acting insecticides contained in their food to be widely distributed among the members of a honeybee colony.

Download Full-text

Age structure is critical to the population dynamics and survival of honeybee colonies

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.160444 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (11) ◽

pp. 160444 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. I. Betti ◽

L. M. Wahl ◽

M. Zamir

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Age Structure ◽

Division Of Labour ◽

Natural Consequence ◽

Substantial Impact ◽

Severity Of Disease ◽

Bee Colony ◽

Honeybee Colony ◽

Age Structured ◽

Over Time

Age structure is an important feature of the division of labour within honeybee colonies, but its effects on colony dynamics have rarely been explored. We present a model of a honeybee colony that incorporates this key feature, and use this model to explore the effects of both winter and disease on the fate of the colony. The model offers a novel explanation for the frequently observed phenomenon of ‘spring dwindle’, which emerges as a natural consequence of the age-structured dynamics. Furthermore, the results indicate that a model taking age structure into account markedly affects the predicted timing and severity of disease within a bee colony. The timing of the onset of disease with respect to the changing seasons may also have a substantial impact on the fate of a honeybee colony. Finally, simulations predict that an infection may persist in a honeybee colony over several years, with effects that compound over time. Thus, the ultimate collapse of the colony may be the result of events several years past.

Download Full-text

Division of Labour in the Honeybee Colony

Bee World ◽

10.1080/0005772x.1953.11094792 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 85-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. Lindauer ◽

B. Watkin

Keyword(s):

Division Of Labour ◽

Honeybee Colony

Download Full-text

Division of Labour in the Honeybee Colony

Bee World ◽

10.1080/0005772x.1953.11094788 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 63-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

M. Lindauer ◽

B. Watkin

Keyword(s):

Division Of Labour ◽

Honeybee Colony

Download Full-text

Division of labour in the honeybee community

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1952.0041 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 140 (898) ◽

pp. 32-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Keyword(s):

Food Supply ◽

Division Of Labour ◽

Important Method ◽

Honeybee Colony ◽

The Individual

Newly emerged bees in a colony were individually marked, and their foraging activities were studied by subsequent observations at the hive entrance. A few individuals gathered pollen throughout their foraging lives; a considerable number gathered none at all. Most of the bees gathered pollen at some time, but there was great diversity in the part of the foraging life at which this occurred. There was considerable variation in the age at which different bees, emerging on the same day and living in the same colony, commenced foraging; this age ranged from 9 to 35 days. This variation was produced not only by altering the duration of the various hive duties, but also by omitting some of these duties. Such variation indicates that the division of labour is not determined by the age of the available workers. It is controlled, instead, by the requirements of the colony. The ages of the bees in the colony play a subsidiary role, in that the duties of any individual are the resultant of the requirements of the colony and age of that individual. The requirements of the colony are determined by its food supply, and they are appreciated by the individual as a consequence of widespread food transmission. Food transmission is therefore the most primitive and the most important method of communication in the honeybee colony. The duration of foraging life was significantly shorter in those bees which commenced foraging at a later age. This result indicates that senility played a part in determining the longevity of these bees.

Download Full-text

Sociological dimension of economic globalization: world trends and Ukrainian realities (Second part. Social changes in Ukrainian society in the context of economic globalization)

Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing ◽

10.15407/sociology2020.04.068 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 68-110

Author(s):

Tetiana Petrushyna ◽

Anatolii Arseienko

Keyword(s):

Economic Globalization ◽

Division Of Labour ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Social Discourse ◽

Social Changes ◽

Significant Deterioration ◽

Global Competitiveness ◽

Critical Areas ◽

Systemic Crisis ◽

Ukrainian Society

Globalization remains the most common and quite controversial concept in modern social discourse. Within the theoretical and conceptual sociological dimension, the authors analyzed the essence of economic globalization (EG) as its defining type. They studied globalization as an objective process (first of all, the international division of labour) and the subjective process of forming a global capitalist economy under the auspices of leading Western countries, supranational financial and economic institutions (primarily the World Bank and the IMF), TNCs. As the main drivers of globalization, they determine its forms and directions in the interests of the "core" of global capitalism. Within the empirical sociological dimension of EG (which involves measuring the various manifestations of the EG process itself as well as its social consequences), the authors paid particular attention to the analysis of social changes in Ukrainian society. The capitalization of the Ukrainian economy, which took place in parallel with Ukraine’s entry into the global economic space, led to degradation of the national economy, significant deterioration of living standards of most citizens, creation of anti-social state with the systemic crisis as its main attribute. To prove these conclusions, the authors analyzed the dynamics of the principal macroeconomic and sociological indicators of Ukrainian society’s life for almost 30 years of drift to the roadside of the global capitalist world, based on the study of numerous domestic and foreign sources. The authors focused on the research of eight critical areas of social changes: deindustrialization of the economy, global competitiveness and innovation, GDP dynamics, employment, income and welfare of the population, socioeconomic inequality, debt dependence and degradation of Ukrainian science. The analysis shows the need to abandon the neoliberal paradigm of development and search for the alternative and more fair models of EG.

Download Full-text

WHO DO WE THINK WE ARE? COMPARING INTERSECTIONAL IDENTITY TRENDS IN ASEE AND CEEA-ACEG USING NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND REVIEW OF PROCEEDINGS

Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA) ◽

10.24908/pceea.vi0.13830 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pamela Rogalski ◽

Eric Mikulin ◽

Deborah Tihanyi

Keyword(s):

Natural Language Processing ◽

Natural Language ◽

Activity Theory ◽

Language Processing ◽

Division Of Labour ◽

Cultural Historical Activity Theory ◽

Original Question ◽

Micro Level ◽

Historical Activity ◽

Cultural Historical Activity

In 2018, we overheard many CEEA-AGEC members stating that they have "found their people"; this led us to wonder what makes this evolving community unique. Using cultural historical activity theory to view the proceedings of CEEA-ACEG 2004-2018 in comparison with the geographically and intellectually adjacent ASEE, we used both machine-driven (Natural Language Processing, NLP) and human-driven (literature review of the proceedings) methods. Here, we hoped to build on surveys—most recently by Nelson and Brennan (2018)—to understand, beyond what members say about themselves, what makes the CEEA-AGEC community distinct, where it has come from, and where it is going. Engaging in the two methods of data collection quickly diverted our focus from an analysis of the data themselves to the characteristics of the data in terms of cultural historical activity theory. Our preliminary findings point to some unique characteristics of machine- and human-driven results, with the former, as might be expected, focusing on the micro-level (words and language patterns) and the latter on the macro-level (ideas and concepts). NLP generated data within the realms of "community" and "division of labour" while the review of proceedings centred on "subject" and "object"; both found "instruments," although NLP with greater granularity. With this new understanding of the relative strengths of each method, we have a revised framework for addressing our original question.

Download Full-text