Somatic embryogenesis, callus production, and plantlet growth in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifoliaScop.)

Disinfected midrib sections of Mussaenda `Queen Sirikit' ≈3 to 4 mm in size were cultured on a basal medium of Murashige and Skoog salts and vitamins, 87.7 mm sucrose, and 5 g Sigma agar/liter supplemented with several concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 μm) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0, 50.0 μm). Cultures were subculture onto the same treatment after 5 weeks and observed weekly for 15 weeks for the presence of somatic embryos. As somatic embryos were produced, they were subculture onto basal medium supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, or 25.0 μm BAP. Callus was first observed at 2 weeks in cultures grown on basal medium supplemented with 5.0–20.0 μm IAA and 0–50.0 μm BAP. Somatic embryos were observed at 8 weeks on basal medium supplemented with 5.0–10.0 μm IAA and 2.5–5.0 μm BAP. Callus cultured on 0–10 μm IAA and 5.0–10.0 μm BAP produced the greatest number of somatic embryos by 15 weeks. Somatic embryos subculture to basal medium supplemented with 25.0 μm BAP proliferated shoots, while eliminating BAP from the medium resulted in root and callus production. Shoots and entire plants were removed from in vitro conditions and successful] y acclimated to greenhouse conditions. Somatic embryo-derived plants flowered sporadically 25 to 35 weeks after removal from in vitro conditions. Variations in sepal number and leaf number per node were observed at 1% to 5%.

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Embriogenesis dan Desikasi Embrio Somatik Jeruk Keprok Batu 55 (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) untuk Meningkatkan Frekuensi Perkecambahan

Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia ◽

10.29244/jhi.8.2.79-87 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Atika Fathur Rahmi ◽

Agus Purwito ◽

Ali Husni ◽

Diny Dinarti

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Somatic Embryo ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Breeding Technique ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Plantlet Growth ◽

Two Factors ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Peg 8000

ABSTRACTIn vitro breeding technique of citrus is effective when optimum explant regeneration method is obtained. Low germination frequency and high abnormality were barrier in citrus somatic embryogenesis. This research aimed at optimizing somatic embryogenesis in Tangerine var. Batu 55. This research consisted of 3 experiments. First experiment was maturation of embryogenesis, using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. Modified MS+MW was used as basic media added with 500 mg L-1 malt extract (control) and addition of 3 mg L-1 BAP, and 2.5 mg L-1 ABA as treatments. Second experiment was SE (cotyledonary phage) desiccation. Factorial CRD used in two factors. First factor was poly-ethylene-glicol/PEG 8000 (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%), while second factor was immersed periods (control, 3, 6, and 9 hours), in desiccant solution (base medium + PEG). Third experiment was studied of plantlet growth and development planlets. Based on CRD 2 factor method, the first factor was PEG concentrations from the second experiment. Second factor were active charcoal treatments (with or without), in basic media. The result showed that 2.5 mg L-1 ABA produced has highest mature somatic embryo (SE). Desiccation for 9 hours, induced the highestt germination frequencies (90.29%). The best growth of plantlets shown in previous experiments immersed desiccant PEG 2.5% for 9 hours, and cultured in basic media with 2 g L-1 of activated charcoal.Keywords: desiccant, embryogenic callus, maturation, PEG 8000, somatic embryo ABSTRAK Pemuliaan tanaman melalui teknik in vitro efektif bila metode regenerasi eksplan optimum telah diperoleh. Rendahnya frekuensi perkecambahan dan tingginya abnormalitas, menjadi kendala pada embriogenesis somatik jeruk. Penelitian terdiri atas 3 percobaan paralel, bertujuan mengoptimalkan metode embriogenesis somatik jeruk, khususnya Keprok Batu 55. Percobaan pertama pematangan kalus embriogenik menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor, dengan perlakuan penambahan ZPT (kontrol, 3 mg L-1 BAP, dan 2.5 mg L-1 ABA) pada media dasar (MS modifikasi vitamin MW) diperkaya 500 mg L-1 ekstrak malt. Percobaan kedua desikasi embrio somatik (fase kotiledon) menggunakan RAL dua faktor. Faktor pertama konsentrasi poly-ethylene-glicol/PEG 8000 (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 dan 10%), dan faktor kedua waktu perendaman (kontrol, 3, 6, dan 9 jam) pada larutan desikan (media dasar + PEG). Percobaan ketiga mempelajari pertumbuhan dan perkembangan planlet, menggunakan RAL dua faktor. Faktor pertama konsentrasi PEG planlet pada percobaan kedua, dan faktor kedua perbedaan media dasar (tanpa dan dengan arang aktif). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan penambahan 2.5 mg L-1 ABA menghasilkan maturasi embrio somatik terbaik. Desikasi 9 jam menghasilkan frekuensi perkecambahan 90.29%. Pertumbuhan terbaik ditunjukkan planlet yang pada percobaan sebelumnya direndam 9 jam desikan PEG 2.5%, dan dibesarkan pada media dasar dengan 2 g L-1 arang aktif.Kata kunci : desikan, embrio somatik, kalus embriogenik, PEG 8000, pematangan

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GhAIL6, a Member of the AP2 Family Gene, Promotes Somatic Embryogenesis in Cotton.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1091857/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Congcong Ma ◽

Yilin Li ◽

Xiaorui Zhang ◽

Dan Ma ◽

Ruibin Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Large Family ◽

Intact Plants ◽

Transgenic Breeding ◽

Callus Production ◽

Transcription Factor Genes ◽

Family Gene ◽

Ap2 Family

Abstract Background Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the process by which plant somatic cells are cultured in vitro without fertilization to regenerate embryos and develop into intact plants, the difficulty of cotton regeneration has severely limited functional gene research and transgenic breeding. The AP2 family is a relatively large family of transcription factor genes that regulate the process of growth and development, but the role of Aintegumenta-Like6 ( AIL6) in cotton SE has not been reported. Methods The 35S::AIL6:GR vector was constructed and transformed into cotton JH713 by Agrobacterium-mediated method, after 3 years of self-breeding, stable genetic T3 generation positive plants were obtained, identified by Southern, and three lines were selected for the following regeneration experiments.Results The results showed that overexpression of GhAIL6 significantly inhibited the proliferation of callus during the first 30 days, and promoted the embryogenic callus production at about 45 days.Couclusion Our results indicated that GhAIL6 was a key regulator of cotton SE, overexpression of GhAIL6 helped to improve the regeneration efficiency of cotton SE

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Enhancement of direct somatic embryogenesis and plantlet growth from leaf explants of Phalaenopsis by adjusting culture period and explant length

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s11738-009-0438-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 621-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Wee-Peng Gow ◽

Jen-Tsung Chen ◽

Wei-Chin Chang

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Culture Period ◽

Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Plantlet Growth

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Callus production, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of Lycium barbarum root explants

Biologia Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s10535-008-0015-6 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 93-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Z. Hu ◽

Y. Hu ◽

H. H. Gao ◽

X. Q. Guan ◽

D. H. Zhuang

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Plant Regeneration ◽

Lycium Barbarum ◽

Root Explants ◽

Callus Production

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Somatic embryogenesis and callus production from cotyledon explants of Eastern black walnut

Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) ◽

10.1007/bf00040110 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 9-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Mark C. Neuman ◽

John E. Preece ◽

J. W. Van Sambeek ◽

Gerald R. Gaffney

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Black Walnut ◽

Cotyledon Explants ◽

Callus Production ◽

Eastern Black Walnut

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Somatic Embryogenesis Using Cucumis sativus (L.) Cotyledons

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.630c ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 630c-630

Author(s):

N.M.P. Guedes ◽

P.H. Jennings

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Embryo Development ◽

Root Development ◽

Embryogenic Callus ◽

Transverse Section ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

The Third ◽

Embryo Formation ◽

Plantlet Growth

To improve somatic embryogenesis of Cucumis sativus, two types of explants (cotyledons and stem sections) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2,4-D (2.0 mg·L–1) + kinetin (0.5 mg·L–1). After 4 weeks, the embryogenic callus was transferred for 2 weeks to MS + NAA (1.0 mg·L–1) for embryo development. Stem sections failed to develop embryos while cotyledons responded with 14% embryo formation. The embryos were transferred to MS without hormones for 4 weeks to allow for plantlet growth. These embryos developed only shoots. To improve on the successful generation of embryos with root and shoot development, the procedures used above were repeated, but the cotyledons were cut into three sections to be used as explants. Each transverse section of the cotyledon was approximately 2–3 mm wide. All sections produced callus but not all of them were embryogenic. From the first section (cotyledon base), the second (between the first and third section) and the third section (furthest from the cotyledon base), respectively, 58%, 31%, and 5% embryo development occurred. Those embryos from the basal cotyledon sections regenerated 10 plantlets, 5 with shoots and roots and 5 with only shoots. Approaches to enhance somatic embryogenesis, and shoot and root development, will be discussed.

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Somatic Embryogenesis from Anther, Whole Flower, and Leaf Explants of Some Grapevine Cultivars

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v26i2.30572 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 219-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryam Karimi Alavijeh ◽

Ali Ebadi ◽

Abdolkarim Zarei ◽

Mansour Omidi

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Embryogenic Callus ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Embryogenic Calli ◽

Callus Production ◽

Somatic Embryogenic ◽

Hormonal Treatments

To investigate the influence of cultivar, medium, and explants on production of somatic embryogenic callus in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) an attempt was made. After callus production, calli were transferred into GS1CA medium for embryogenesis. In GS1CA medium, anther explant of Shahroodi cultivar showed the highest potential for production of embryogenic calli. Results showed that whole flower explants did not produce any embryogenic calli. In addition, leaf explants of Red?Sultanina and Flame Seedless were cultured on MS containing 1mg 2,4?D, 0.1 mg BA, 1 g/l casein hydrolisate, 20 g/l sucrose and 7 g/l agar were able to produce embryonic calli. After three months, calli were transferred to the MS with different concentrations of BA (1, 2 and 3.5 mg/l) and IAA (2, 5 and 15 mg/l). Results showed that among cultivars and different hormonal treatments, the medium containing 5 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l IAA induced maximum embryogenesis in Flame?Seedless calli.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(2): 219-230, 2016 (December)

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Inheritance of somatic embryogenesis in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g89-447 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 318-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

M. M. Hernández-Fernández ◽

B. R. Christie

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Key Words ◽

Complete Dominance ◽

Callus Production ◽

Medicago Sativa L

To study the inheritance of somatic embryogenesis in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), three alfalfa genotypes were self-pollinated and intercrossed. A70-34 is a highly embryogenic genotype; R3 produced callus but not embryos; and MK does not produce callus. Callus production was controlled by one locus with complete dominance. In a survey of 107 alfalfa genotypes, the dominant and recessive alleles were present in equal frequencies. Embryogenesis among those plants producing callus was controlled by two complementary loci with additivity within each locus. The suggested designations for the two genes are Rna and Rnb.Key words: alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., tissue culture, somatic embryogenesis, inheritance.

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