Running costs indices for commercial buildings using the hedonic price imputation approach: a case of Sri Lanka

PurposeRising energy costs and increasing environmental concerns are catalysts for introducing sustainable design features in buildings. Incorporating sustainable design features in commercial buildings cannot be overstated because it could confer benefits to the investor (owners) and occupants. This study aims to develop a model that could aid in the prediction of operation and maintenance (O&M) costs from the knowledge of building-design variables. There is little evidence that design variables influence the O&M costs of buildings. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between design variables and O&M costs in commercial buildings with the intent of developing a cost model for estimating O&M costs at the early design phase.Design/methodology/approachThe study was approached quantitatively using a survey strategy. Data for the study were obtained from 30 randomly selected commercial buildings in the CBD in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Pareto's 80/20 rule, correlation and regression analysis were performed on the data to prove the statistical relationships between the buildings' O&M costs and their design variables.FindingsThe study found that 12 significant O&M costs elements contribute to about 82% of total O&M costs. Repairs and decoration had a strong correlation with building shape. Furthermore, the regression analysis found that O&M costs values were primarily dependent on the building size (the gross floor area and height of the buildings). The gross floor area and height handled over 73% of the variance in the O&M costs of commercial buildings in Sri Lanka.Originality/valueThese findings are a useful insight into the principles for design economies that could contribute to more sustainable commercial buildings.

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Energy Efficiency Building Code for Commercial Buildings in Sri Lanka

10.2172/799543 ◽

2000 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John Busch ◽

Steve Greenberg ◽

Francis Rubinstein ◽

Andrea Denver ◽

Esther Rawner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Commercial Buildings ◽

Building Code

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Management of Nominated Subcontractors in the Construction of Commercial Buildings in Sri Lanka

Bhumi The Planning Research Journal ◽

10.4038/bhumi.v5i2.29 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

M. N. N. Rodrigo ◽

B. A. K. S. Perera

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Commercial Buildings

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A FRAMEWORK TO ENHANCE THE PRACTICE OF MAINTENANCE BUDGETING IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS IN SRI LANKA

10.31705/faru.2021.25 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. Rukanya ◽

◽

P. Sridarran ◽

G. Mahedrarajh ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Business Performance ◽

Commercial Buildings ◽

Primary Data ◽

Market Condition ◽

Maintenance Cost ◽

Commercial Building ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

Building Maintenance

Inadequate budget control is one of the major challenges that adversely affect the maintenance of a building. The cost of plant asset maintenance of the commercial building is a larger proportion of the overall cost of operation. It is important to allocate financial resources appropriately so that, before serious damage occurs, maintenance measures can be taken. Accordingly, a well-defined maintenance budget (MB) makes it possible to recognise opportunities for creating continuous business performance improvements within the financial constraints of a company. Although required building maintenance can be carried out successfully with an adequate budget, the budget is not well defined in current industrial practice and Sri Lanka is most likely dealing with the same problem. Thus, this study aimed to develop a framework to enhance the practice of a well-defined MB for commercial buildings in Sri Lanka. The qualitative approach was adopted to address this study. A comprehensive literature review was done and five case studies were performed using ten semi-structured interviews to collect the primary data. The interviewees were selected based on their knowledge in the field of maintenance cost planning. Data were analysed through content analysis using both manual and NVivo 12 software. The research finding revealed that prime barriers of prepare an accurate MB are poor planning of maintenance work and resources, faulty maintenance, changes in country market condition, and poor financial support. The key strategies to overcome the barriers are to select the right budget method, arise awareness of top management about building maintenance and avoid faulty maintenance.

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Forecasting Carbon Dioxide Emission of Asian Countries Using ARIMA and Simple Exponential Smoothing Models

International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology ◽

10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss1.2019.219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 64-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samreen Fatima ◽

Sayed Saad Ali ◽

Syeda Sadia Zia ◽

Ehtesham Hussain ◽

Tayyab Raza Fraz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Arima Model ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Commercial Buildings ◽

Past Study ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Respiratory Illnesses ◽

Simple Exponential Smoothing

Industrial revolution has increased the level of pollution due to emission of carbon dioxide in the past fewdecades. Resulting changes in the world’s climate are seen in the form of an increase in temperature which causes heatwaves, diseases related to skin, cardiovascular and other respiratory illnesses in humans. According to a past study,overall contribution of continent Asia is 49% - 50% in the production of carbon dioxide. Therefore, data of carbondioxide emission, heat and electricity, manufacturing industries, residential and commercial buildings, transport andother sources of Asian countries namely: Japan, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Iran, Singapore, andNepal from 1971 to 2014 have been taken for the present study. Empirical analysis shows that heat and electricity arethe main cause to increase carbon dioxide emission in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Iran and Sri Lanka. Whereas thisemission is increased in China due to residential and commercial buildings and transport variables. On the other hand,for Nepal and Singapore, these variables do not play any significant role in CO2 emission. Simple exponentialsmoothing (SES) and ARIMA models are used to forecast CO2 emissions. Furthermore, simple exponential smoothingis found appropriate for Pakistan and Sri Lanka based on the minimum FMAE. Whereas, for Japan, China, India, Iranand Singapore, ARIMA model is found suitable as it has minimum FMAE value. In Nepal and Bangladesh, bothmodels have significant differences, so any one of them can be used for forecasting.

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Forecasting Carbon Dioxide Emission of Asian Countries Using ARIMA and Simple Exponential Smoothing Models

International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology ◽

10.46660/ojs.v10i1.219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 64-69

Author(s):

Samreen Fatima ◽

Sayed Saad Ali ◽

Syeda Sadia Zia ◽

Ehtesham Hussain ◽

Tayyab Raza Fraz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Arima Model ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Commercial Buildings ◽

Past Study ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Respiratory Illnesses ◽

Simple Exponential Smoothing

Industrial revolution has increased the level of pollution due to emission of carbon dioxide in the past fewdecades. Resulting changes in the world’s climate are seen in the form of an increase in temperature which causes heatwaves, diseases related to skin, cardiovascular and other respiratory illnesses in humans. According to a past study,overall contribution of continent Asia is 49% - 50% in the production of carbon dioxide. Therefore, data of carbondioxide emission, heat and electricity, manufacturing industries, residential and commercial buildings, transport andother sources of Asian countries namely: Japan, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Iran, Singapore, andNepal from 1971 to 2014 have been taken for the present study. Empirical analysis shows that heat and electricity arethe main cause to increase carbon dioxide emission in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Iran and Sri Lanka. Whereas thisemission is increased in China due to residential and commercial buildings and transport variables. On the other hand,for Nepal and Singapore, these variables do not play any significant role in CO2 emission. Simple exponentialsmoothing (SES) and ARIMA models are used to forecast CO2 emissions. Furthermore, simple exponential smoothingis found appropriate for Pakistan and Sri Lanka based on the minimum FMAE. Whereas, for Japan, China, India, Iranand Singapore, ARIMA model is found suitable as it has minimum FMAE value. In Nepal and Bangladesh, bothmodels have significant differences, so any one of them can be used for forecasting.

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ENHANCING THE INTEGRATION OF SMART FEATURES IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS TO CONSERVE ENERGY: A FRAMEWORK

10.31705/wcs.2021.26 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R.A.A. Dilogini ◽

◽

P. Sridarran ◽

G. Mahedrarajah ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

New Technologies ◽

Computer Software ◽

Vital Role ◽

Study Data ◽

Commercial Buildings ◽

Design Stage ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Commercial Building

The commercial building sector is classified as a highly energy-intensive category in Sri Lanka. Building practitioners adopt energy-saving mechanisms to minimise energy consumption. However, the integration of smart features plays a vital role in conserving energy in commercial buildings. However, Sri Lanka lags behind in the adoption of smart features when compared to other countries. To address this problem, this study aimed to develop a framework for the better integration of smart features to minimise the energy consumption of Sri Lankan commercial buildings. This research is carried out initially by literature review, and then research has been followed by case study. Data collected is analysed through manual content analysis and computer software with the aid of NVivo 12 software. Findings revealed that smart features are the new technologies evolved in commercial buildings to conserve energy. However, building practitioners faced several issues in integrating these features within the existing buildings. Limited knowledge of management, building owners and operators, high initial cost, and lack of workforce skill were identified as main barriers to integrating smart features in Sri Lankan commercial buildings. Moreover, this research identified the possible mechanisms for the better integration of smart features in commercial buildings. For better integration, it is required to plan it at the initial design stage of buildings, select reliable contractors, and raise awareness of management and client about smart features. Finally, a framework was developed for the better integration of smart features to minimise the energy consumption of Sri Lankan commercial buildings.

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Hedonic Price Indexes: A Comparison of Imputation, Time Dummy and ’Re-Pricing’ Methods

Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik ◽

10.1515/jbnst-2010-0611 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 230 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jan de Haan

Keyword(s):

Hedonic Price ◽

Recent Contribution ◽

Academic Literature ◽

Alternative Method ◽

Price Indexes ◽

Statistical Agencies ◽

Hedonic Indexes ◽

Imputation Approach

SummaryThe main approaches to measuring hedonic indexes in the academic literature are the imputation approach and the time dummy approach. This paper compares both approaches, discusses an alternative method called hedonic re-pricing, and comments on a recent contribution by Diewert et al. (2009). The aim is to explain the differences between the various hedonic approaches as well as their similarities, and to point to the implications for statistical agencies. Hedonic price indexes can be weighted or unweighted and the paper addresses the issue of choice of regression weights. For unweighted indexes it is shown that the ’full’ hedonic imputation approach and the time dummy approach implicitly leave the matched part of the indexes unaffected, just like ’single’ and ’double’ hedonic imputation do explicitly.

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