An evaluation of inoculation techniques inducing Stenocarpella maydis ear rot on maize

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Bensch
Keyword(s):  
Ear Rot ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Stenocarpella Maydis

Research Note Infection and Ultrastructure of Conidia and Pycnidia of Stenocarpella maydis in Maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-680
Author(s):  
ZHENGJUN XIA ◽  
HONGYAN WU ◽  
PREMILA N. ACHAR
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Stenocarpella Maydis ◽  
Host Tissues

Stenocarpella maydis is the most prevalent ear rot pathogen of maize (Zea mays) in South Africa, the United States, and other countries. Infection and ultrastructure of propagules of S. maydis in maize were observed by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Two-celled conidia of S. maydis were found in the tissues of husk and kernels. Mycelia colonized inter- and intracellularly in the host tissues. Pycnidia were found abundantly inside the seed tissues of susceptible cultivars; within a single seed, pycnidia propagated preferentially in embryonic tissues. A pycnidium is composed of morphologically different resting spores mingled with some degraded organelles of the host cell. In this study, various enzymatic activities led to cell wall degradation, lacunae in endosperm tissues, and disrupted organelles in susceptible cultivars. In contrast, callose deposition surrounding fungal hyphae was clearly visible in resistant cultivars. Heavy infection was detected by maceration, even though there was no apparent symptom on the seed coat. The saprophytic nature and structurally different forms of propagules could contribute to a long-term survival of this pathogen in the field and during grain storage. Furthermore, S. maydis might pose a threat of diplodiatoxin intoxication to human and domestic animals when infected maize seeds are consumed.

Diplodia maydis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Stenocarpella Maydis

Abstract A description is provided for Diplodia maydis[Stenocarpella maydis]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Zea mays. Also on Arundinaria sp. DISEASES: Stalk rot, white ear rot, and seedling blight of maize. Roots may also become infected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Rhodesia, South Africa, Tanzania); Asia (India); Australasia (Australia); Europe (U.S.S.R.), North America (Canada, Mexico, United States); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia).

Occurrence of Stenocarpella macrospora Causing Ear Rot in Corn in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-154
Author(s):  
Martha P. Romero Luna ◽  
Carl A. Bradley ◽  
Heather M. Kelly ◽  
Kiersten A. Wise
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
South America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Stenocarpella Maydis ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Related Fungus

Diplodia ear rot of corn is primarily caused by the fungus Stenocarpella maydis in the United States. Stenocarpella macrospora is a closely related fungus present in the U.S. but primarily associated with Diplodia leaf streak. S. macrospora is recognized as a major ear rot pathogen in South America and South Africa, but has infrequently been associated with ear rot in the U.S. This brief presents the first reports of Diplodia ear rot in Illinois and Tennessee. This is also the first confirmation of S. macrospora causing ear rot in the U.S. in over 60 years. Accepted for publication 19 May 2016. Published 15 June 2016.

scholarly journals Development of Molecular Assays for Detection of Stenocarpella maydis and Stenocarpella macrospora in Corn

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Romero ◽  
K. A. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Genome ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Stenocarpella Maydis

The causal agents of Diplodia ear rot are two species of the Stenocarpella genus, S. macrospora and S. maydis. In addition to ears, both pathogens can infect leaves and stalks, and both are present in most corn-production regions around the world. It is difficult to visually distinguish between the two pathogens based on plant symptoms and fungal signs. To facilitate accurate and rapid pathogen identification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed for identification of each species. Species-specific primers of 18 to 20 nucleotides in length were designed, targeting a portion of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the fungal genome for conventional and real-time PCR assays. The conventional PCR method successfully amplified a single 1.7-kb and 800-bp fragment for each S. maydis and S. macrospora isolate, respectively. The real-time method was performed using SYBR green dye, and detection of each specific target pathogen was successfully obtained. In total, 82 S. maydis and 15 S. macrospora isolates were tested to evaluate the reproducibility of these primers. Both methods provide a rapid and specific tool for the detection of Stenocarpella spp.

Bioactive metabolites from Stenocarpella maydis, a stalk and ear rot pathogen of maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald T. Wicklow ◽  
Kristina D. Rogers ◽  
Patrick F. Dowd ◽  
James B. Gloer
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Stenocarpella Maydis

scholarly journals Reaction of maize hybrids to ear rot caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pastirčák ◽  
M. Lemmens ◽  
A. Šrobárová
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Maize Resistance ◽  
The Way

Ear rot caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (teleomorph stage: Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch) is a destructive disease of maize. In our experiment we tested twenty maize hybrids. Two inoculation techniques differing in the way of application of a macro-conidial suspension, were evaluated for their effectiveness in assessing maize resistance to ear rot. Based on the results of one season, highly significant differences in sensitivity to Fusarium ear rot between genotypes for all variants under mist irrigation and without mist irrigation, were detected.

scholarly journals Essential oils on the control of stem and ear rot in maize

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1945-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glauco Antonio Teixeira ◽  
Eduardo Alves ◽  
Douglas Carvalho Amaral ◽  
José da Cruz Machado ◽  
Fabiano José Perina
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora ◽  
Stenocarpella Maydis

Stem and ear rot caused by Stenocarpella maydis are responsible for severe losses in maize production. Treatment of seeds with fungicides may induce environmental damage. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of essential oils extracted from Cymbopogon winterianus, Thymus vulgaris, Cymbopogon citratus, Corymbia citriodora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Syzygium aromaticum on the development of in vitro S. maydis. In addition, maize seeds were treated with these essential oils to determine their possible mode of action and effects. The oils from S. aromaticum, C. zeylanicum, and T. vulgaris inhibited fungal development at concentrations higher than 0.025%. The oils from S. aromaticum and C. zeylanicum showed seed germination rates of 89.0% and 84.5%, which were higher than that of the control. The oils from S. aromaticum and C. zeylanicum reduced the pathogen incidence in the seeds to 39.0% and 28.0%, respectively. Further, these oils as well as that from T. vulgaris produced lower reduction of maize stand. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed that essential oils from S. aromaticum and T. vulgaris acted directly on the conidia, impeding germination. The findings suggest that the oils from S. aromaticum, C. zeylanicum, and T. vulgaris are potential alternatives for maize seed treatment in the control of S. maydis.

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