Recovery of an injured cingulum concurrent with improvement of short-term memory in a patient with mild traumatic brain injury

Music perception deficits are common following acquired brain injury due to stroke, epilepsy surgeries, and aneurysmal clipping. Few studies have examined these deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI), resulting in an under-diagnosis in this population. We aimed to (1) compare TBI patients to controls on pitch and rhythm perception during the acute phase; (2) determine whether pitch and rhythm perception disorders co-occur; (3) examine lateralization of injury in the context of pitch and rhythm perception; and (4) determine the relationship between verbal short-term memory (STM) and pitch and rhythm perception. Music perception was examined using the Scale and Rhythm tests of the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia, in association with CT scans to identify lesion laterality. Verbal short-term memory was examined using Digit Span Forward. TBI patients had greater impairment than controls, with 43% demonstrating deficits in pitch perception, and 40% in rhythm perception. Deficits were greater with right hemisphere damage than left. Pitch and rhythm deficits co-occurred 31% of the time, suggesting partly dissociable networks. There was a dissociation between performance on verbal STM and pitch and rhythm perception 39 to 42% of the time (respectively), with most individuals (92%) demonstrating intact verbal STM, with impaired pitch or rhythm perception. The clinical implications of music perception deficits following TBI are discussed.

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The Neurobehavioral Effects of Buprenorphine and Meloxicam on a Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Model in the Rat

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.746370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Laura M. Anderson ◽

Sridhar Samineni ◽

Donna M. Wilder ◽

Marisela Lara ◽

Ondine Eken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Isoflurane Anesthesia ◽

Injury Model ◽

Analgesic Agents ◽

Tightly Coupled

Previous findings have indicated that pain relieving medications such as opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be neuroprotective after traumatic brain injury in rodents, but only limited studies have been performed in a blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) model. In addition, many pre-clinical TBI studies performed in rodents did not use analgesics due to the possibility of neuroprotection or other changes in cognitive, behavioral, and pathology outcomes. To examine this in a pre-clinical setting, we examined the neurobehavioral changes in rats given a single pre-blast dose of meloxicam, buprenorphine, or no pain relieving medication and exposed to tightly-coupled repeated blasts in an advanced blast simulator and evaluated neurobehavioral functions up to 28 days post-blast. A 16.7% mortality rate was recorded in the rats treated with buprenorphine, which might be attributed to the physiologically depressive side effects of buprenorphine in combination with isoflurane anesthesia and acute brain injury. Rats given buprenorphine, but not meloxicam, took more time to recover from the isoflurane anesthesia given just before blast. We found that treatment with meloxicam protected repeated blast-exposed rats from vestibulomotor dysfunctions up to day 14, but by day 28 the protective effects had receded. Both pain relieving medications seemed to promote short-term memory deficits in blast-exposed animals, whereas vehicle-treated blast-exposed animals showed only a non-significant trend toward worsening short-term memory by day 27. Open field exploratory behavior results showed that blast exposed rats treated with meloxicam engaged in significantly more locomotor activities and possibly a lesser degree of responses thought to reflect anxiety and depressive-like behaviors than any of the other groups. Rats treated with analgesics to alleviate possible pain from the blast ate more than their counterparts that were not treated with analgesics, which supports that both analgesics were effective in alleviating some of the discomfort that these rats potentially experienced post-blast injury. These results suggest that meloxicam and, to a lesser extent buprenorphine alter a variety of neurobehavioral functions in a rat bTBI model and, because of their impact on these neurobehavioral changes, may be less than ideal analgesic agents for pre-clinical studies evaluating these neurobehavioral responses after TBI.

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Clinical profile and short-term course of post-traumatic headache in children with mild traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study

Child s Nervous System ◽

10.1007/s00381-020-05032-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Purushottam Singh ◽

Devendra Mishra ◽

P. N. Pandey ◽

Monica Juneja

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Clinical Profile ◽

Short Term ◽

Post Traumatic

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Short-term DTI predictors of cognitive dysfunction in mild traumatic brain injury

Brain Injury ◽

10.1080/02699050801888816 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 115-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 153

Author(s):

Laura Miles ◽

Robert I. Grossman ◽

Glyn Johnson ◽

James S. Babb ◽

Leonard Diller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Short Term

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Electrophysiological Markers of Visuospatial Attention Recovery after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci9120343 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 343 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julie Bolduc-Teasdale ◽

Pierre Jolicoeur ◽

Michelle McKerral

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Information Processing Speed ◽

Visual Short Term Memory ◽

Trail Making ◽

Postconcussion Symptoms ◽

Map Search ◽

And Control

Objective: Attentional problems are amongst the most commonly reported complaints following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), including difficulties orienting and disengaging attention, sustaining it over time, and dividing attentional resources across multiple simultaneous demands. The objective of this study was to track, using a single novel electrophysiological task, various components associated with the deployment of visuospatial selective attention. Methods: A paradigm was designed to evoke earlier visual evoked potentials (VEPs), as well as attention-related and visuocognitive ERPs. Data from 36 individuals with mTBI (19 subacute, 17 chronic) and 22 uninjured controls are presented. Postconcussion symptoms (PCS), anxiety (BAI), depression (BDI-II) and visual attention (TEA Map Search, DKEFS Trail Making Test) were also assessed. Results: Earlier VEPs (P1, N1), as well as processes related to visuospatial orientation (N2pc) and encoding in visual short-term memory (SPCN), appear comparable in mTBI and control participants. However, there appears to be a disruption in the spatiotemporal dynamics of attention (N2pc-Ptc, P2) in subacute mTBI, which recovers within six months. This is also reflected in altered neuropsychological performance (information processing speed, attentional shifting). Furthermore, orientation of attention (P3a) and working memory processes (P3b) are also affected and remain as such in the chronic post-mTBI period, in co-occurrence with persisting postconcussion symptomatology. Conclusions: This study adds original findings indicating that such a sensitive and rigorous ERP task implemented at diagnostic and follow-up levels could allow for the identification of subtle but complex brain activation and connectivity deficits that can occur following mTBI.

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