scholarly journals A diagnostic marker for childhood apraxia of speech: the lexical stress ratio

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 549-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg ◽  
Thomas F. Campbell ◽  
Heather B. Karlsson ◽  
Roger L. Brown ◽  
Jane L. Mcsweeny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Lexical Stress ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech

Metrical Analysis of the Speech of Children With Suspected Developmental Apraxia of Speech

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1444-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley L. Velleman ◽  
Lawrence D. Shriberg
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Lexical Stress ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Metrical Phonology ◽  
Developmental Apraxia ◽  
Metrical Analysis ◽  
Better Than

Previous studies have shown that metrical analysis accounts for syllable omissions in young normally developing children better than prior perspectives. This approach has not yet been applied to children with disorders. Inappropriate sentential stress has been proposed as a diagnostic marker for a subgroup of children with suspected developmental apraxia of speech (SD-DAS), suggesting that the application of metrical perspectives to this population may be appropriate. This report extends the goal of identifying diagnostic markers for SD-DAS using analytic procedures from metrical phonology. The lexical metrical patterns of children with SD-DAS were compared to those of a group of children with speech delay (SD) to verify the applicability of metrical constructs to children with disorders while at the same time seeking lexical stress characteristics that might be useful for differential diagnosis. The lexical stress errors of children in both the SD and SD-DAS disorder groups were found to conform to patterns identified in metrical studies of younger normally developing children, confirming the applicability of this approach to children with disorders. Lexical metrical patterns did not differentiate the groups from each other. However, syllable omissions persisted to much later ages in the SD-DAS subjects, especially those children previously identified as having inappropriate phrasal stress. Further metrical studies of the speech of children with suspected SD-DAS are needed, both at the lexical and the sentential level, using both perceptual and acoustic measures.

scholarly journals A Diagnostic Marker to Discriminate Childhood Apraxia of Speech From Speech Delay: IV. The Pause Marker Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg ◽  
Edythe A. Strand ◽  
Marios Fourakis ◽  
Kathy J. Jakielski ◽  
Sheryl D. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Marker Index ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Stability Data

Purpose Three previous articles provided rationale, methods, and several forms of validity support for a diagnostic marker of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), termed the pause marker (PM). Goals of the present article were to assess the validity and stability of the PM Index (PMI) to scale CAS severity. Method PM scores and speech, prosody, and voice precision-stability data were obtained for participants with CAS in idiopathic, neurogenetic, and complex neurodevelopmental disorders; adult-onset apraxia of speech consequent to stroke and primary progressive apraxia; and idiopathic speech delay. Three studies were completed including criterion and concurrent validity studies of the PMI and a temporal stability study of the PMI using retrospective case studies. Results PM scores were significantly correlated with other signs of CAS precision and stability. The best fit of the distribution of PM scores to index CAS severity was obtained by dividing scores into 4 ordinal severity classifications: mild, mild-moderate, moderate-severe, and severe. Severity findings for the 4 classifications and retrospective longitudinal findings from 8 participants with CAS supported the validity and stability of the PMI. Conclusion Findings support research and clinical use of the PMI to scale the severity of CAS.

scholarly journals A Diagnostic Marker to Discriminate Childhood Apraxia of Speech From Speech Delay: Introduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg ◽  
Edythe A. Strand ◽  
Marios Fourakis ◽  
Kathy J. Jakielski ◽  
Sheryl D. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech

Purpose The goal of this article is to introduce the pause marker (PM), a single-sign diagnostic marker proposed to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) from speech delay.

scholarly journals A diagnostic marker for childhood apraxia of speech: the coefficient of variation ratio

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 575-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg ◽  
Jordan R. Green ◽  
Thomas F. Campbell ◽  
Jane L. Mcsweeny ◽  
Alison R. Scheer
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech

scholarly journals A Diagnostic Marker to Discriminate Childhood Apraxia of Speech From Speech Delay: I. Development and Description of the Pause Marker

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg ◽  
Edythe A. Strand ◽  
Marios Fourakis ◽  
Kathy J. Jakielski ◽  
Sheryl D. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Cross Classification ◽  
Classification Procedures

Purpose The goal of this article (PM I) is to describe the rationale for and development of the Pause Marker (PM), a single-sign diagnostic marker proposed to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech from speech delay. Method The authors describe and prioritize 7 criteria with which to evaluate the research and clinical utility of a diagnostic marker for childhood apraxia of speech, including evaluation of the present proposal. An overview is given of the Speech Disorders Classification System, including extensions completed in the same approximately 3-year period in which the PM was developed. Results The finalized Speech Disorders Classification System includes a nosology and cross-classification procedures for childhood and persistent speech disorders and motor speech disorders (Shriberg, Strand, & Mabie, 2017). A PM is developed that provides procedural and scoring information, and citations to papers and technical reports that include audio exemplars of the PM and reference data used to standardize PM scores are provided. Conclusions The PM described here is an acoustic-aided perceptual sign that quantifies one aspect of speech precision in the linguistic domain of phrasing. This diagnostic marker can be used to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech from speech delay.

A Pilot Single-Case Experimental Design Study of Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment for Italian Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ilaria Scarcella ◽  
Letizia Michelazzo ◽  
Patricia McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Lexical Stress ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Stress Patterns

Background The Rapid Syllable Transition (ReST) treatment is an effective intervention designed to address the planning and programming disorder found in childhood apraxia of speech. To date, no study has considered its use with children who speak languages other than English. Aim This pilot study aimed to examine the use of ReST treatment with Italian children. We hypothesized that the ReST approach would improve the overall accuracy of the targeted behaviors of lexical stress, smoothness, and phonemic accuracy, whereas phonemic and phonetic accuracy of untreated items would remain stable. Method Two monolingual Italian-speaking children with childhood apraxia of speech received therapy in 12 one-hour sessions, 2–3 times per week, using a single-case experimental design. The treatment procedures used in English were replicated in Italian with one change: In English, two stress patterns are treated. Italian commonly uses three stress patterns; therefore, the stimuli were modified accordingly. Accuracy of articulation, lexical stress, and smoothness were assessed at pretreatment and 1 day, 1 week, and 4 months posttreatment in treated and untreated pseudowords and in real words and sentences. Results Both children improved on treated pseudowords and real words with moderate effect sizes, but only one child generalized to untreated pseudowords. Maintenance of treatment results was observed in both participants. Articulation of control phonemes did not change. Conclusions ReST treatment in Italian is feasible, and a treatment effect was found, showing that its use may be valid in languages other than English. Further research is required. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_AJSLP-20-00133

scholarly journals An Automated Lexical Stress Classification Tool for Assessing Dysprosody in Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408
Author(s):  
Jacqueline McKechnie ◽  
Mostafa Shahin ◽  
Beena Ahmed ◽  
Patricia McCabe ◽  
Joanne Arciuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Lexical Stress ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stress Classification ◽  
Stress Contrast ◽  
Classification Tool ◽  
Impaired Speech

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) commonly affects the production of lexical stress contrast in polysyllabic words. Automated classification tools have the potential to increase reliability and efficiency in measuring lexical stress. Here, factors affecting the accuracy of a custom-built deep neural network (DNN)-based classification tool are evaluated. Sixteen children with typical development (TD) and 26 with CAS produced 50 polysyllabic words. Words with strong–weak (SW, e.g., dinosaur) or WS (e.g., banana) stress were fed to the classification tool, and the accuracy measured (a) against expert judgment, (b) for speaker group, and (c) with/without prior knowledge of phonemic errors in the sample. The influence of segmental features and participant factors on tool accuracy was analysed. Linear mixed modelling showed significant interaction between group and stress type, surviving adjustment for age and CAS severity. For TD, agreement for SW and WS words was >80%, but CAS speech was higher for SW (>80%) than WS (~60%). Prior knowledge of segmental errors conferred no clear advantage. Automatic lexical stress classification shows promise for identifying errors in children’s speech at diagnosis or with treatment-related change, but accuracy for WS words in apraxic speech needs improvement. Further training of algorithms using larger sets of labelled data containing impaired speech and WS words may increase accuracy.

scholarly journals A Diagnostic Marker to Discriminate Childhood Apraxia of Speech From Speech Delay: II. Validity Studies of the Pause Marker

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg ◽  
Edythe A. Strand ◽  
Marios Fourakis ◽  
Kathy J. Jakielski ◽  
Sheryl D. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Mayo Clinic ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Validity Studies

Purpose The purpose of this 2nd article in this supplement is to report validity support findings for the Pause Marker (PM), a proposed single-sign diagnostic marker of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Method PM scores and additional perceptual and acoustic measures were obtained from 296 participants in cohorts with idiopathic and neurogenetic CAS, adult-onset apraxia of speech and primary progressive apraxia of speech, and idiopathic speech delay. Results Adjusted for questionable specificity disagreements with a pediatric Mayo Clinic diagnostic standard, the estimated sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of the PM were 86.8% and 100% for the CAS cohort, yielding positive and negative likelihood ratios of 56.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.15, 2763.31]) and 0.13 (95% CI [0.06, 0.30]). Specificity of the PM for 4 cohorts totaling 205 participants with speech delay was 98.5%. Conclusion These findings are interpreted as providing support for the PM as a near-conclusive diagnostic marker of CAS.

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