TRADE LIBERALISATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF AGRICULTURE IN SOUTH AFRICA / HANDELSLIBERALISERING EN DIE OMGEWING TEN OPSIGTE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE LANDBOU

Agrekon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Trade Liberalisation

scholarly journals Transfer pricing as strategic planning tool for multinational enterprises in a post-isolation South Africa

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-710
Author(s):  
Petri Schutte ◽  
Jozua Loots
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Trade Liberalisation ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Length Standard ◽  
National Tax

Political and trade liberalisation leads to irrevocable change, exposing South Africa to the demands of the dynamic global market, driven by a deluge of competitive forces, demanding world-class, global competitiveness. The challenge facing South African organisations is to successfully transform in an economy undergoing structural change, moving away from import substitution to global competitiveness. Historically, stringent exchange controls prevented profits to emigrate from South Africa. Trade liberalisation necessitates the introduction of transfer pricing legislation to protect the national tax base. Application of transfer pricing in practice is complex, information constraints compel the use of foreign comparables in determining a reward consistent with the arm's length standard, challenging objectiveness and risk adjustment. Strategic opportunities exist if transfer pricing is not entrenched in national regulation compliance.

Trade Liberalisation and Labour Market Adjustment in Botswana

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-270
Author(s):  
Brian McCaig ◽  
Margaret S. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Trade Liberalisation ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Dominant Member ◽  
Tariff Reductions

Abstract We study the effects of domestic trade liberalisation on labour markets in Botswana. South Africa is the dominant member of the Southern Africa Customs Union. As such, when South Africa liberalised trade in the 1990s, this induced large and plausibly exogenous tariff reductions for the other customs union members, including Botswana. Using labour force surveys from Botswana spanning a decade, we find that trade liberalisation did not affect the relative size of industries in terms of employment. However, trade liberalisation had effects within industries. We find an increase in the prevalence of working in an informal firm and self-employment, but mixed evidence of effects on unemployment. Hours worked decreased in response to trade liberalisation, partially driven by the movement of workers to informal firms. Despite large increases in aggregate income, trade liberalisation is associated with a reduction in monthly income, but the results are imprecise. Our results also suggest that a positive export demand shock, the 2000 African Growth and Opportunities Act, is associated with a reduction in employment in informal firms in the clothing industry.

scholarly journals Trade liberalisation, competitiveness and the real exchange rate (RER): An analysis of developments in South Africa during the 1990s

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-665
Author(s):  
L Rangasamy ◽  
C Harmse
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Exchange Rate ◽  
South African ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Trade Liberalisation ◽  
The South ◽  
Domestic Prices ◽  
Tradable Sector ◽  
The Impact

This paper tests whether tariff liberalisation has lead to increased competitiveness in the South African economy. The 46 sectors of the South African economy are classified as exportable, importable, importable and exportable and non-tradable. The impact of trade liberalisation on domestic prices for importables and exportables is then assessed by making use of real exchange rate calculations. It is concluded that while increased globalisation of production processes in South Africa may have improved the competitiveness of the tradable sector, tariff liberalisation played a minimal role in improving competitiveness in the manufacturing sector.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

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