Need of BYOD in Mobile Learning Usage Among Enforcement Officer at MDTCA Malaysia

M-Learning using BYOD is an effective learning medium that will be developed to support enforcement officers at the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs (MDTCA) Malaysia. Nevertheless, the problem statement study identified workload and constraints, limited training, and limited reference sources, which will be discussed in this article. Therefore, this study will face problem statements and examine the effect of mobile learning BYOD with different job positions view. To evaluate the level of acceptance and use of the application POT@MDTCA, the researchers applied the UTAUT2 constructs in the study. This study is qualitative in a nature case study. Methodology interviews were conducted with six respondents from different job positions at MDTCA Penang. This study showed that mobile learning with the "BYOD" concept is needed to achieve individual competencies in enforcement. The researchers have identified the rationale of the mobile learning BYOD concept is needed by enforcement officers to increase skills in learning opportunities development. The implications of this study will be significant to improve competency course achievement in knowledge and skills of enforcement to all MDTCA Malaysia.

Standardization of trade regulation in the context of digitalization of the economy

The article deals with the problem of regulating relations between trade and producers of goods in a new plane, in the actively emerging online segment of the consumer market. The authors consider the transformation processes in domestic trade, the digitalization of the consumer market in the conditions of a permanent crisis in the economy, lockdowns, the isolation of the country in the system of international coordinates, the rejection of the free movement of people and resources. They analyze the first results of switching manufacturers of goods and wholesale suppliers from retail chains, as a priority channel of goods movement, to an online channel, new forms and technologies associated with it. They explore the prospects for the development of relations between small and medium-sized manufacturing businesses with a new form of market sales, which today includes marketplaces. They prove that the problems of manufacturers accumulated in relations with retail chains do not disappear anywhere, but only multiply and intensify. The authors substantiate the need to extend trade regulation tools to the sphere of online sales, intermediary operations in this segment, create standard conditions for manufacturers to access these product promotion resources, and distribute measures to protect the interests of small and medium-sized businesses. They analyze the existing regulatory mechanisms and the possibilities of their application in the online sphere. They offer directions for improving the current legislation.

The Impact of Trade Cost on Readymade Garment Export: The Case of Bangladesh

The main purpose of this study is to understand whether the trade cost influences the export of Readymade Garment (RMG) export of Bangladesh. Theoretically, with an increase in the volume of exported goods, the costs will also increase. Therefore, this study is to examine the impact of trade costs on the readymade garment export performance of Bangladesh for the period of 2007 -2015. This study applied two types of panel data models: pooled OLS model and the Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimation procedure have been employed in the estimation. The main contribution of the paper compared to other studies on Bangladesh lies in its approach in addressing the impact of trade costs on exports and using PPML gravity equation estimation. The results of the study indicate that trade costs have a significant negative impact on exports of Bangladesh. The major findings show that trade cost has a negative and significant impact on Bangladesh's bilateral RMG export performance. This implies that the Bangladeshi government should work to reduce domestic trade costs in order to boost efficiency and sustainably promote RMG export.

Charitable Business as the Scriptures Say

From ancient times the people of Tamil Nadu have excelled in education, arts and sciences as well as in business. It would be an exaggeration to divide domestic trade into foreign trade and spread not only Tamil Nadu goods but also pride globally. Tamil literature clearly explains the business system, however, the so-called charitableliterature of the society, the charitable business of the forgotten period literature; The purpose of this article is to look at.

ANALYSIS OF HALAL ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT ON IMPORTED FOOD PRODUCTS IN MALAYSIA

The entry of imported food products into Malaysia is on an increasing trend. However, the halal monitoring and enforcement system's weakness has given room to irresponsible entrepreneurs not conforming to the manual procedure for Malaysia's halal certification. This weakness gives rise to various malpractices, including the smuggling activities, forgery of international halal logo and certificate, and attempts of contaminating with nonhalal ingredients in the food processor. The management of the halal assurance system on imported food products in Malaysia is carried out by JAKIM and other government agencies such as the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumers Affairs (KPDNHEP), Ministry of Health (MOH), Food Safety Information System of Malaysia (FOSIM), Royal Malaysian Customs Department, Malaysian Quarantine and Inspection Services (MAQIS), Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) and Local Authority. The monitoring and enforcement are based on Manual Procedure for Malaysian Halal Certification (MPPHM), Malaysian Standard (MS), Trade Descriptions Act 2011 (TDA 2011), and other related directives. Therefore, despite many agencies contributing to this matter, an analysis of Halal Assurance Management on Imported Food Products in Malaysia is crucially needed to manage halal monitoring and enforcement. This study may contribute to halal management in Malaysia to develop a systematic halal assurance management system, particularly for imported food products. This study can provide a guideline for imported food product entrepreneurs in conforming to the act, regulations, procedure, and standard specified by the authorities. The implication of this study also benefits the consumers. They will become more confident in the halal status of imported food products and entrust the Malaysian management of halal assurance in the monitoring and enforcement system.

Protection of elephants and sustainable use of ivory in Thailand

The Asian elephant Elephas maximus is of cultural significance for the Thai people. The development of legal protection for elephants in Thailand dates back to the 17th century, reflecting concerns about both human livelihoods and elephant conservation. The legal status of privately owned, captive elephants differs from that of wild individuals, with consequences for the lawful use of ivory from captive animals. Prior to 2015, the lack of comprehensive measures to control the Thai ivory market enabled the laundering of illegally sourced ivory in the country. The Thai government introduced legal reforms in 2015, imposing strict controls over the possession and domestic trade of ivory from captive Asian elephants, and aligning the protection of African elephants and their ivory with CITES regulations. Nonetheless, the sustainable use of Thai ivory remains disputed, and international pressure to close the commercial trade in domestic ivory persists. Here we review this complex situation, aiming to inform future reforms. Consolidation of laws related to elephants and ivory would facilitate law enforcement and compliance. Use of an electronic database would improve the monitoring of ivory movements and aid the implementation and enforcement of laws.

Features of the modern classification of macaroni products

The article analyzes the features of the Russian classification of macaroni products on the basis of the analysis of the current regulatory documents, as well as on the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity of the Eurasian Economic Union. It is shown that in the interstate standard GOST 31743-2017, the detailing of the classification of tubular, threadlike and ribbon pasta by subtypes was unjustifiably not included. The article reveals the lack of harmonization of the classification of macaroni products in domestic trade and for customs purposes, as well as differences in the terminology used.