The financial burden of African Horse Sickness: a case of the European Union trade ban on South Africa’s horse industry

Agrekon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Zimbini Mdlulwa ◽  
Mampe Masemola ◽  
Baratang A. Lubisi ◽  
Petronella Chaminuka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Horse Industry

Tryb ratyfikowania decyzji Rady (UE, Euratom) 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. w sprawie systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej oraz uchylającej decyzję 2014/335/UE, Euratom

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (71) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Bogumił Szmulik
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The One

As a result of the adoption of the Council’s decision, the European Union will not receive any new competencies beyond such ones that it already possesses, which is why the author rejects the so-called ’great ratification’, i.e. the one carried out on the basis of Article 90 of the Constitution (majority of 2/3 votes in the Sejm). Because the ratification of the decision will result in a significant financial burden for the state, the proper procedure for its ratification is the statutory one provided in Article 89 para. 1 of the Constitution.

Czy zgodnie z Konstytucją RP możliwa jest ratyfikacja decyzji Rady Europejskiej (UE, Euroatom) 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. dotyczącej systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej bez zgody wyrażonej w ustawie przez Sejm i Senat?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (70) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Jacek Zaleśny
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Decision

The author of the opinion points out that the Council Decision 2020/2053 imposes a significant financial burden on the state and concerns matters regulated by statute or matters for which the Polish Constitution requires a statute, and as such may not be ratified without consent expressed by statute. The ratification of the Decision, due to the fact that through it the competencies of state authorities are transferred to the European Union in certain matters, should be conducted in accordance with Article 90 of the Polish Constitution.

An Evaluation of Oral and Dental Health Services in Turkey and in the Member States of the EU in Terms of Economy

2015 ◽  
pp. 110-129
Author(s):  
Abdülkadir Işık ◽  
Seda Suat ◽  
Özge Selvi Yavuz ◽  
Gamze Yıldız Şeren ◽  
Berkay Habiboğlu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Association Data

Dental health expenditures are a big part of general health expenditures. In Turkey, oral health services are provided by both private practitioners and government sections. In 2012, approximately 7 million fillings were made by government clinics. According to Turkish Dental Association data, in the same year, the number of fillings that Turkish citizens needed was 247 million. Even if the entire budget of the Health Ministry of Turkey were spent for these fillings, it is impossible to handle this demand. In 2012, in the European Union with 24 member countries, dental health spending was close to 74 billion Euro. Because of this financial burden, Turkey and the other countries are trying to find cost-effective methods to minimize dental health spending. This chapter emphasizes dental health conditions of both Turkey and European Union, firstly, and then successful and cost-effective strategies are discussed.

An Evaluation of Oral and Dental Health Services in Turkey and in the Member States of the EU in Terms of Economy

2017 ◽  
pp. 494-514
Author(s):  
Abdülkadir Işık ◽  
Seda Suat ◽  
Özge Selvi Yavuz ◽  
Gamze Yıldız Şeren ◽  
Berkay Habiboğlu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Association Data

Dental health expenditures are a big part of general health expenditures. In Turkey, oral health services are provided by both private practitioners and government sections. In 2012, approximately 7 million fillings were made by government clinics. According to Turkish Dental Association data, in the same year, the number of fillings that Turkish citizens needed was 247 million. Even if the entire budget of the Health Ministry of Turkey were spent for these fillings, it is impossible to handle this demand. In 2012, in the European Union with 24 member countries, dental health spending was close to 74 billion Euro. Because of this financial burden, Turkey and the other countries are trying to find cost-effective methods to minimize dental health spending. This chapter emphasizes dental health conditions of both Turkey and European Union, firstly, and then successful and cost-effective strategies are discussed.

scholarly journals The European Union Training Mission in Mali: A case study

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (71) ◽  
pp. 91-119
Author(s):  
Rachel Dicke
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
Security Actor ◽  
Management Capabilities

Abstract For several years, the European Union (EU) has been increasing its international presence and moving into the role of a global security actor. To support the goal of greater crisis management capabilities, European security integration (ESI) has been deepening. This article therefore examines an Ell operation - the European Union Training Mission in Mali (EUTM Mali) - with the aim of gauging the success of the EU's efforts at ESI. To determine the success of EUTM Mali and thus of ESI, three propositions are examined: if EUTM Mali is a security operation showing successful security integration, there will be evidence of (i) broad participation, (ii) financial burden-sharing and (iii) the successful incorporation of troops and equipment. The first and third propositions are supported whereas the second does not receive as much support. Overall, EUTM Mali shows considerable success and bodes well for further ESI.

Sharing the burden of financing the green climate fund in the Post-Kyoto era

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianbiao Cui ◽  
Huangbao Gui
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Borda Rule ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Green Climate Fund ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Economic Capacity

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to design several methods for enforcing developed countries’ responsibilities under the Green Climate Fund (GCF). The GCF has been one of the core subjects of the world climate summits held under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. However, the development of the GCF has not progressed smoothly, and many concerns remain unresolved. Design/methodology/approach – This paper illustrates three approaches for financing the GCF that vary in terms of the relative weights accorded to environmental responsibility and economic capacity. These three methods include the historical responsibility (HR) principle, the ability to pay (AP) principle and the preference score compromises (PSC) approach (which is a combination of the HR and the AP principles). Findings – The empirical analysis demonstrates that the USA is the largest contributor to the GCF under the HR principle due to the volume of its historical emissions, whereas the European Union bears the greatest financial responsibility under the AP principle, based on its gross domestic product. Under the PSC approach, the European Union and the USA each undertakes a financial burden that approximates 40 per cent of the total financing for the GCF. These nations are followed by Japan, which has a share of almost 9 per cent. Originality/value – This study is the first attempt to introduce the PSC concept into discussions regarding GCF financing. A scheme of burden sharing that combines environmental responsibility and economic capacity factors is developed and introduced. The respective weights assigned to the two factors are determined based on the Borda rule in voting theory, which avoids the arbitrary allocation of weights between the HR and the AP. These findings will be useful for mobilising the GCF in the Post-Kyoto era.

Tryb ratyfikacji decyzji Rady 2020/2053 z 14 grudnia 2020 r. w sprawie systemu zasobów własnych Unii Europejskiej oraz uchylającej decyzję 2014/335/UE, Euratom

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (71) ◽  
pp. 124-136
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pastuszko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Uniform Rate

The Council’s decision regarding a uniform rate of collection for the unrecycled mass of plastic packaging waste, the digital fee and the incurrence of debt by the European Commission does not result in any transfer of competence from the Member States to the European Union. The lack of such transfer excludes the necessity of applying Article 90 of the Constitution (the so called the great ratification, majority of 2/3 votes in the Sejm). However, because the ratification would cause a significant financial burden on the state, the decision should be ratified pursuant to Article 89 para. 1 of the Constitution, i.e. by means of a statute.

Agrarpolitik der Europäischen Union vor der Osterweiterung

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Eekhoff ◽  
Tholen Eekhoff
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Agricultural Markets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eastern Enlargement ◽  
Member States ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Back Door ◽  
The Right ◽  
Agenda 2000

AbstractThere are three main reasons that call for substantial reforms in European Agricultural Policy: the financial burden on the European economy, development and trade-related issues, and the upcoming eastern enlargement of the European Union. All three factors exert pressure into the direction of abolishing interventions and following the path towards liberalized agricultural markets. However, the opposition against such policies is strong, primarily exercised by agricultural interest groups and member states of the European Union that mainly benefit from the current regulations. The abolishment of agricultural support in the European Union would be one of the most important measures to alleviate the problems for developing countries that have no fair chance to compete in European agricultural markets. Furthermore, by reducing the distortions that are caused by agricultural regulations, economic efficiency would be enhanced substantially. In this respect the European Union is on the right track with the reform based on the “Agenda 2000” and further changes in the “Midterm Review” that was adopted in July 2002. All support measures are supposed to be turned into direct payments. Yet, a great number of distortionary measures is reintroduced through the back-door under the title of rural development. Since these measures do not fall under the budget constraint that has been imposed on all other forms of support, they provide a vast playing field for politicians. The need to liberalize agricultural markets has become crucial due to the eastern enlargement of the European Union that will increase agriculturally utilized land by approximately one third. Granting the full support to the new member states would mean expanding a system that suffers from various illnesses. For these reasons there is an urgent need for substantial reforms that liberalize agricultural markets in the European Union.

The Financial Burden of Rotavirus Disease in Four Countries of the European Union

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S20-S27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baudouin Standaert ◽  
Olof Harlin ◽  
Ulrich Desselberger
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The European Union
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