Cramer’s rule over residue class rings of Bézout domains

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1268-1276
Author(s):  
Yali Wu ◽  
Yichuan Yang
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-263
Author(s):  
Guillermo Mantilla-Soler

Abstract Let L be a number field. For a given prime p, we define integers α p L $ \alpha_{p}^{L} $ and β p L $ \beta_{p}^{L} $ with some interesting arithmetic properties. For instance, β p L $ \beta_{p}^{L} $ is equal to 1 whenever p does not ramify in L and α p L $ \alpha_{p}^{L} $ is divisible by p whenever p is wildly ramified in L. The aforementioned properties, although interesting, follow easily from definitions; however a more interesting application of these invariants is the fact that they completely characterize the Dedekind zeta function of L. Moreover, if the residue class mod p of α p L $ \alpha_{p}^{L} $ is not zero for all p then such residues determine the genus of the integral trace.


1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Friedberg

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Larin

AbstractWe give a complete description of the polynomials f(x) with integer coefficients such that the period of the recurring sequence u


Author(s):  
A. Haddley ◽  
R. Nair

AbstractLet $${\mathcal {M}}$$ M denote the maximal ideal of the ring of integers of a non-Archimedean field K with residue class field k whose invertible elements, we denote $$k^{\times }$$ k × , and a uniformizer we denote $$\pi $$ π . In this paper, we consider the map $$T_{v}: {\mathcal {M}} \rightarrow {\mathcal {M}}$$ T v : M → M defined by $$\begin{aligned} T_v(x) = \frac{\pi ^{v(x)}}{x} - b(x), \end{aligned}$$ T v ( x ) = π v ( x ) x - b ( x ) , where b(x) denotes the equivalence class to which $$\frac{\pi ^{v(x)}}{x}$$ π v ( x ) x belongs in $$k^{\times }$$ k × . We show that $$T_v$$ T v preserves Haar measure $$\mu $$ μ on the compact abelian topological group $${\mathcal {M}}$$ M . Let $${\mathcal {B}}$$ B denote the Haar $$\sigma $$ σ -algebra on $${\mathcal {M}}$$ M . We show the natural extension of the dynamical system $$({\mathcal {M}}, {\mathcal {B}}, \mu , T_v)$$ ( M , B , μ , T v ) is Bernoulli and has entropy $$\frac{\#( k)}{\#( k^{\times })}\log (\#( k))$$ # ( k ) # ( k × ) log ( # ( k ) ) . The first of these two properties is used to study the average behaviour of the convergents arising from $$T_v$$ T v . Here for a finite set A its cardinality has been denoted by $$\# (A)$$ # ( A ) . In the case $$K = {\mathbb {Q}}_p$$ K = Q p , i.e. the field of p-adic numbers, the map $$T_v$$ T v reduces to the well-studied continued fraction map due to Schneider.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andysah Putera Utama Siahaan ◽  
Solly Aryza

Steganography is related to the addition of information to a given medium (referred to as cover media) without making visible changes to it. Most of the proposed steganography techniques cannot be applied to store large-scale data. In the new technique for RGB image steganography, color intensity (R-G-B) is used to determine the number of bits you want to store in each pixel. Meanwhile, to improve the security of stored confidential files, cryptographic methods will be applied. The Paillier cryptosystem invented by Pascal Paillier in 1999 is a probabilistic asymmetric algorithm for public key cryptography. The security of the Paillier algorithm depends on the problem of calculating the n-residue class that is believed to be very difficult to compute. This problem is known as the Composite Residuosity (CR) and is the basis of this Paillier cryptosystem. The software created can save secret files into a digital image into a stego image. The secret file can be extracted out through the extraction process.


Author(s):  
Nicoleta Mirela Marin ◽  
Gheorghe Batrinescu ◽  
Mihai Nita-Lazar ◽  
Luoana Florentina Pascu ◽  
Carol Blaziu Lehr

Two spectrometric methods have been developed for quantitative simultaneous determination of procaine hydrochloride (PH·HCl), procainamide hydrochloride (PHA·HCl) and lidocaine (Lid) from synthetic mixture. The methods employed are first derivative spectrometry, using zero crossing method and multicomponent analysis which is based on the additivity law. Using first derivative spectrometry, the wavelength selected for the quantitative determination of PH·HCl was 237 nm for Lid was 242 nm and for PHA·HCl was 290 nm in mixture. The method is linear when the concentration ranged between 6.62-9.93 μg/mL for PH·HCl, 6.43-9.64 for PHA·HCl and 5.56-8.35 for Lid. The multicomponent analysis is a direct method and involves the absorbance measurements of at three different wavelengths. The molar absorption coefficients values were calculated at each wavelength and the concentration of PH·HCl, PHA·HCl and Lid from mixture was determined by solving matrix using Cramer's rule. The recovery of each compound in mixture was calculated and it is 101.4 % for PH·HCl, 100.4 % for PHA·HCl and 98.4 % for Lid.


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