Field performance of entomopathogenic nematodes and an egg parasitoid for suppression of corn borers in Egypt

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. El-Wakeil ◽  
M. A. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Corn Borers

scholarly journals Divergent thermal specialisation of two South African entomopathogenic nematodes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P Hill ◽  
Antoinette P Malan ◽  
John S Terblanche
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Phenotypic Flexibility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance

Thermal physiology of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) is a critical aspect of field performance and fitness. Thermal limits for survival and activity, and the ability of these limits to adjust (i.e. show phenotypic flexibility) depending on recent thermal history, are generally poorly established, especially for non-model nematode species. Here we report the acute thermal limits for survival, and the thermal acclimation-related plasticity thereof for two key endemic South African EPN species, Steinernema yirgalemense and Heterorhabditis zealandica. Results including LT50 indicate S. yirgalemense (LT50 = 40.8±0.3°C) has greater high temperature tolerance than H. zealandica (LT50 = 36.7±0.2°C), but S. yirgalemense (LT50 = -2.4±0°C) has poorer low temperature tolerance in comparison to H. zealandica (LT50 = -9.7±0.3°C), suggesting these two EPN species occupy divergent thermal niches to one another. Acclimation had both negative and positive effects on temperature stress survival of both species, although the overall variation meant that many of these effects were non-significant. There was no indication of a consistent loss of plasticity with improved basal thermal tolerance for either species at upper lethal temperatures. At lower temperatures measured for H. zealandica, the 5°C acclimation lowered survival until below -12.5°C, where after it increased survival. Such results indicate that the thermal niche breadth of EPN species can differ significantly depending on recent thermal conditions, and should be characterized across a broad range of species to understand the evolution of thermal limits to performance and survival in this group.

scholarly journals Divergent thermal specialisation of two South African entomopathogenic nematodes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P Hill ◽  
Antoinette P Malan ◽  
John S Terblanche
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Phenotypic Flexibility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance

Thermal physiology of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) is a critical aspect of field performance and fitness. Thermal limits for survival and activity, and the ability of these limits to adjust (i.e. show phenotypic flexibility) depending on recent thermal history, are generally poorly established, especially for non-model nematode species. Here we report the acute thermal limits for survival, and the thermal acclimation-related plasticity thereof for two key endemic South African EPN species, Steinernema yirgalemense and Heterorhabditis zealandica. Results including LT50 indicate S. yirgalemense (LT50 = 40.8±0.3°C) has greater high temperature tolerance than H. zealandica (LT50 = 36.7±0.2°C), but S. yirgalemense (LT50 = -2.4±0°C) has poorer low temperature tolerance in comparison to H. zealandica (LT50 = -9.7±0.3°C), suggesting these two EPN species occupy divergent thermal niches to one another. Acclimation had both negative and positive effects on temperature stress survival of both species, although the overall variation meant that many of these effects were non-significant. There was no indication of a consistent loss of plasticity with improved basal thermal tolerance for either species at upper lethal temperatures. At lower temperatures measured for H. zealandica, the 5°C acclimation lowered survival until below -12.5°C, where after it increased survival. Such results indicate that the thermal niche breadth of EPN species can differ significantly depending on recent thermal conditions, and should be characterized across a broad range of species to understand the evolution of thermal limits to performance and survival in this group.

Biology and field performance ofGryon clavigrallae(Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an egg parasitoid ofClavigrallaspp. (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in India

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Romeis ◽  
T.G. Shanower ◽  
K. Madhuri
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
Cluster Density ◽  
Host Deprivation

AbstractThe biology and impact ofGryon clavigrallaeMineo, an egg parasitoid ofClavigralla scutellarisSpinola andC. gibbosa(Westwood), was investigated. The calculated developmental threshold temperatures for females and males were 15.6°C and 15.8°C, respectively. Emergence exceeded 94% at temperatures between 22 and 30°C. Adult females lived on average 28–96 days when fed with honey. Without food, adults lived < 6 days. Mean fecundity was 56.4 eggs per female. A significant trend of lower fecundity after longer periods of host deprivation was observed.Gryon clavigrallaefemales successfully oviposited in host eggs of all ages though eggs < 4 days old were preferred. Total host handling times were significantly longer onC. gibbosaeggs (23.5 min) than onC. scutellariseggs (12.0 min). Females readily distinguished parasitized from non-parasitized host eggs. Superparasitism was observed when few or no unparasitized eggs were available. Eggs of the twoClavigrallaspecies can be separated by surface structure and condition after eclosion.Clavigralla scutellarislaid significantly larger egg clusters thanC. gibbosa(19.9 versus 10.5 eggs per cluster).Gryon clavigrallaewas present as soon as the firstClavigrallaspp. egg clusters were found on pigeonpea. The percentage of egg clusters parasitized increased early in the season with egg cluster density and remained high (up to 83%) despite fluctuations in host density. Overall,G. clavigrallaeparasitized 40 and 58% ofC. gibbosaandC. scutellariseggs. The percentage of egg clusters parasitized and the number of eggs parasitized per cluster increased significantly with egg cluster size. The overall parasitoid sex ratio was highly female biased but varied with the number of eggs parasitized per cluster.

scholarly journals An Insight into the Role of Trissolcus mitsukurii as Biological Control Agent of Halyomorpha halys in Northeastern Italy

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Scaccini ◽  
Martina Falagiarda ◽  
Francesco Tortorici ◽  
Isabel Martinez-Sañudo ◽  
Paola Tirello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Northeastern Italy

Sustainable strategies such as classical or augmentative biological control are currently being evaluated for the long-term management of the alien invasive pest Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). A three-year study carried out in northeastern Italy was performed to investigate the distribution and field performance of the H. halys egg parasitoid Trissolcus mitsukurii (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), in comparison with other parasitoid species. In the study area, adventive populations of T. mitsukurii were present since 2016, representing the earliest detection of this species in Europe. Trissolcus mitsukurii was the most abundant parasitoid and showed a higher “parasitoid impact” (i.e., number of parasitized eggs over the total number of field-collected eggs) compared to the other species, i.e., Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) and Trissolcus kozlovi Rjachovskij (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The hyperparasitoid Acroclisoides sinicus (Huang and Liao) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was also recorded. Phylogenetic analysis of T. mitsukurii population distinguished two clades, one covering samples from Italy, Japan and China, the other from South Korea. The present study provides promising results for the biological control of a pest that is having a dramatic impact on a wide range of crops worldwide.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Two Commercially Available Species of Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis indica

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick X. Caamano ◽  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
Leellen F. Solter ◽  
Declan J. Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
End Users ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Heterorhabditis Indica ◽  
Percent Survival

The quality of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) is critical to their success as biological control agents, but it is difficult to evaluate quality because standard procedures are not available. Generally, the quality of biological control agents is determined by field performance because end users may have minimal knowledge pertaining to the condition of biological control agents before application. This study assessed the variability in quality of commercially available EPN products. The authors evaluated preapplication survival of five EPN formulations, Steinernema feltiae (NemaShield, Nemasys, Gnat Not, Horticultural Scanmask), and Heterorhabditis indica (GrubStake-Hi), based on eight shipments/samples of each EPN product received during a 5-month period (July to November). The estimated total number of EPN delivered per shipment (i.e., sample) was compared with the expected quantity listed on the label, and percent live EPN was determined for each shipment. One-half of the shipments of Gnat Not (four of eight) contained 40% to 70% of the number of EPN expected based on the label (25 million). The remaining shipments contained consistently higher numbers, with 99% of the expected quantity of EPN received. Entomopathogenic nematode mean percent survival was highest for Nemasys (98%) and lowest for Horticultural Scanmask (56%). The overall mean percent survival for Gnat Not and GrubStake-Hi, both from the same supplier, was more than 85%. Survival of EPN in the NemaShield product was as low as 50%, but was typically between 65% and 75%. NemaShield and Nemasys were the only two EPN products that provided return policy information if the product was damaged in any way. It is important for distributors and suppliers to ensure that EPN products are in quality condition before shipping to avoid performance failures and loss of customers. In addition, end users need to evaluate shipments upon receipt to determine the viability of EPN products.

Selectivity of insecticides to the egg parasitoid Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, 1988, (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Consoli ◽  
P. S. M. Botelho ◽  
J. R. P. Parra
Keyword(s):  
Egg Parasitoid

Entomopathogenic Nematodes of Thrips Thripinema spp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida: Allantonematidae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (5) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Sprague ◽  
Joseph E. Funderburk
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Economic Importance

Originally published on the Featured Creatures Website at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/nematode/Thripinema_spp.htm Includes: Introduction - Distribution - Life Cycle and Biology - Symptoms - Hosts and Identification - Economic Importance - Management - Selected References

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