scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Two Commercially Available Species of Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis indica

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick X. Caamano ◽  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
Leellen F. Solter ◽  
Declan J. Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
End Users ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Heterorhabditis Indica ◽  
Percent Survival

The quality of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) is critical to their success as biological control agents, but it is difficult to evaluate quality because standard procedures are not available. Generally, the quality of biological control agents is determined by field performance because end users may have minimal knowledge pertaining to the condition of biological control agents before application. This study assessed the variability in quality of commercially available EPN products. The authors evaluated preapplication survival of five EPN formulations, Steinernema feltiae (NemaShield, Nemasys, Gnat Not, Horticultural Scanmask), and Heterorhabditis indica (GrubStake-Hi), based on eight shipments/samples of each EPN product received during a 5-month period (July to November). The estimated total number of EPN delivered per shipment (i.e., sample) was compared with the expected quantity listed on the label, and percent live EPN was determined for each shipment. One-half of the shipments of Gnat Not (four of eight) contained 40% to 70% of the number of EPN expected based on the label (25 million). The remaining shipments contained consistently higher numbers, with 99% of the expected quantity of EPN received. Entomopathogenic nematode mean percent survival was highest for Nemasys (98%) and lowest for Horticultural Scanmask (56%). The overall mean percent survival for Gnat Not and GrubStake-Hi, both from the same supplier, was more than 85%. Survival of EPN in the NemaShield product was as low as 50%, but was typically between 65% and 75%. NemaShield and Nemasys were the only two EPN products that provided return policy information if the product was damaged in any way. It is important for distributors and suppliers to ensure that EPN products are in quality condition before shipping to avoid performance failures and loss of customers. In addition, end users need to evaluate shipments upon receipt to determine the viability of EPN products.

Virulence of two entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema sp. (strain PQ16) and Heterorhabditis indica (strain KT3987), to nymphs of the coffee cicada Dundubia nagarasingna

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chau N. Nguyen ◽  
Anh T. Do ◽  
Phap Q. Trinh ◽  
Phuc K. Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Heterorhabditis Indica ◽  
Inoculation Dose ◽  
Pot Trial

Summary The virulence and efficacy of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema sp. (strain PQ16) and Heterorhabditis indica (strain KT3987), against nymphs of the coffee cicada, Dundubia nagarasingna, was evaluated under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. The highest mortality rates of coffee cicada nymphs caused by these two nematode strains were 93.5 and 100%, respectively, at an inoculation dose of 600 infective juveniles (IJ) nymph−1. The virulence (LC50) was established as 137.5 IJ and 149.1 IJ for strains S-PQ16 and H-KT3987, respectively. The highest IJ yields of these nematode strains were 66 × 103 IJ (for S-PQ16) and 134.4 × 103 IJ (for H-KT3987) at a dose of 500 IJ nymph−1. The efficacies of the two nematode strains to coffee cicadas at treated dose of 60 × 103 IJ pot−1 were 84.4 and 88.9% after 30 days, higher than the efficacies at treated dose of 40 × 103 IJ pot−1. The number of IJ in 250 ml of soil at 10, 20 and 30 days after treatment, increased from 0.38 × 103 to 4.80 × 103 IJ in soil treated with a dose of 40 × 103 IJ and from 0.66 × 103 to 5.02 × 103 IJ in soil treated with a dose of 60 × 103 IJ (for S-PQ16). Similarly, for H-KT3987 the number of IJ increased from 0.43 × 103 to 8.99 × 103 IJ and from 0.62 × 103 to 9.64 × 103 IJ, at the respective doses. Based on results of a pot trial from glasshouse modelling, an IJ application dosage for biological control of coffee cicada nymphs in coffee plantations was proposed.

scholarly journals Non-lethal effects of entomopathogenic nematode infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila C. Filgueiras ◽  
Denis S. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Strain Dependent

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes are typically considered lethal parasites of insect hosts. Indeed they are employed as such for biological control of insect pests. The effects of exposure to entomopathogenic nematodes are not strictly limited to mortality, however. Here we explore non-lethal effects of exposure to entomopathogenic nematodes by introducing the relatively non-susceptible pupal stage of Delia antiqua to thirteen different strains. We specifically chose to inoculate the pupal stage because it tends to be more resistant to infection, yet resides in the soil where it could come into contact with EPN biological control agents. We find that there is no significant mortality at the pupal stage, but that there are a host of strain-dependent non-lethal effects during and after the transition to adulthood including altered developmental times and changes in risk of death compared to controls. We also find that exposure to specific strains can reduce risk of mortality. These results emphasize the strain-dependent nature of entomopathogenic nematode infection and highlight the positive and negative ramifications for non-lethal effects for biological control of insect pests. Our work emphasizes the need for strain-specific screening of biological control agents before wide-spread adoption.

Entomopathogenic nematodes: A tool in biocontrol of insect pests of vegetables-A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitanjali Devi ◽  
Dhrubajyoti Nath
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Identification Technique

Biological control agents have become increasingly important component in integrated pest management programme. Entomopathogenic nematodes are effective biological control agents for many important insect pests of vegetable crops. Therefore entomopathogenic nematodes are gaining attention in the field of biocontrol research worldwide. With the development and improvement of isolation and identification technique many novel species and strains have been utilized for management of several insect pests. This review aims to explore the potentiality of entomopathogenic nematode species against economically important insect pest of vegetables in India as well as in other countries.

scholarly journals Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) for the control of Diabrotica speciosa germar (coleoptera: chrysomelidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Santos ◽  
Alcides Moino Junior ◽  
Vanessa Andaló ◽  
Camila Costa Moreira ◽  
Ricardo Alves de Olinda
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Steinernema Glaseri ◽  
Soil Insects ◽  
Diabrotica Speciosa ◽  
Pupal Mortality

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are used in biological control of soil insects and show promise in the control of D. speciosa. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of native and exotic entomopathogenic nematode isolates in the control of D. speciosa under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Results showed that all of EPNs caused larval mortality. The most virulent were Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 (94%), Steinernema glaseri (84%), Heterorhabditis sp. JPM04 (82%) and Heterorhabditis amazonensis RSC05 (78%). There was no effect of the Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 and S. glaseri isolates on eggs. The maximum mortality of D. speciosa larvae by Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 was observed at a concentration of 300 IJ/ insect, while by S. glaseri observed the highest mortality at the concentration of 200 IJ/ insect. The Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 isolate caused over 80% pupal mortality at a concentration of 250 IJ/insect. The virulence of Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 and S. glaseri was affected by temperature. The Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 isolate caused reduction in larva survival under greenhouse conditions at all of the tested concentrations and there was no difference in mortality among different concentrations of infectid juveniles.

scholarly journals Biological activity of entomopathogenic nematodes on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37047
Author(s):  
Sandra Mara Chaneiko ◽  
Andressa Lima de Brida ◽  
Daniel Bernardi ◽  
Luis Garrigós Leite ◽  
Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Control Tool

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) is one of the main pests of fruit farming, and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) represent an important control tool of this species. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of different isolate against A. fraterculus larvae and adults. Bioassays were performed using a suspension of three isolates of Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCB 24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB 02 and Steinernema feltiae IBCB 47 at six concentrations (control - without nematodes), 50, 150, 300, 500, 1000 and 1500 infective juveniles (IJs)/mL of water per 3º instar larvae. It was verified the susceptibility of larvae of A. fraterculus to isolates of EPNs and a significant increase of the pupal mortality in the function of the concentration of IJs inoculated by larva (above 75%). After the dissection of pupae and adults of A. fraterculus from infected larvae, the concentration of 1500 IJs/mL of EPNs provided the highest rate of multiplication of IJs by insect, equating to maximum concentration tested 1500 IJs/mL. Adults of A. fraterculus from larvae infected with EPNs longevity of five days, being less than adults from uninfected larvae by IJs (135 days). H. amazonensis IBCB 24, S. carpocapsae IBCB 02, and S. feltiae IBCB 47 proved to be promising as agents of biological control of A. fraterculus.

scholarly journals First Screening of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Fungus as Biocontrol Agents against an Emerging Pest of Sugarcane, Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Javal ◽  
John S. Terblanche ◽  
Desmond E. Conlong ◽  
Antoinette P. Malan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Sugarcane Stalk ◽  
Reduce Sugar ◽  
Steinernema Yirgalemense

Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an emerging pest of sugarcane in South Africa. The larvae of this cerambycid beetle live within the sugarcane stalk and drill galleries that considerably reduce sugar production. To provide an alternative to chemical control, entomopathogenic nematodes and fungus were investigated as potential biological control agents to be used in an integrated pest management system. The nematodes Steinernema yirgalemense, S. jeffreyense, Heterorhabditis indica, and different concentrations of the fungus Metarhizium pinghaense were screened for efficacy (i.e., mortality rate) against larvae of C. newmannii. The different biocontrol agents used, revealed a low level of pathogenicity to C. newmannii larvae, when compared to control treatments.

Sex and the dynamics of infection in the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Bohan ◽  
W.M. Hominick
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Infection Interaction

AbstractAn infection experiment was conducted to assess the change in the proportions of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (Site 76 strain) infective juveniles becoming male or female on exposure to the test host Galleria mellonella L. Using a mathematical model for the infection interaction, the per capita probability of penetration per unit time (transmission coefficient), for those juveniles becoming male or female, and the magnitude of the male and female classes in the infective juvenile pool were estimated. The results show that S. feltiae infective juveniles which subsequently become female have a greater probability of invasion into test hosts than their male counterparts, which leads to markedly female biased sex ratios during the initial stages of the infection interaction. As the infection progresses, however, it was found that the sex ratio became balanced. This was because the underlying sex ratio in the infective stage pool was balanced. The implications of this dynamism in the sex ratio of the entomopathogenic nematodes are discussed with respect to the infection interaction, transmission and the likely environment in which the infective juveniles reside.

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