Income Differences in Serious Financial Burdens Facing U.S. Households during Covid-19

Challenge ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mary G. Findling ◽  
Robert J. Blendon ◽  
John M. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Income Differences ◽  
Financial Burdens

scholarly journals Serious Financial Burdens Facing U.S. Households with Employment Loss During COVID-19

Challenge ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mary G. Findling ◽  
Robert J. Blendon ◽  
John M. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burdens

scholarly journals Bioinspired caries preventive strategy via customizable pellicles of saliva-derived protein/peptide constructs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina G. Moussa ◽  
Walter L. Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Functional Domains ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Native Proteins ◽  
Bacterial Cell Death ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Biofilm Dispersion ◽  
Financial Burdens ◽  
Acquired Enamel Pellicle

AbstractDental caries has been the most widespread chronic disease globally associated with significant health and financial burdens. Caries typically starts in the enamel, which is a unique tissue that cannot be healed or regrown; nonetheless, new preventive approaches have limitations and no effective care has developed yet. Since enamel is a non-renewable tissue, we believe that the intimate overlaying layer, the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP), plays a crucial lifetime protective role and could be employed to control bacterial adhesion and dental plaque succession. Based on our identified AEP whole proteome/peptidome, we investigated the bioinhibitory capacities of the native abundant proteins/peptides adsorbed in pellicle-mimicking conditions. Further, we designed novel hybrid constructs comprising antifouling and antimicrobial functional domains derived from statherin and histatin families, respectively, to attain synergistic preventive effects. Three novel constructs demonstrated significant multifaceted bio-inhibition compared to either the whole saliva and/or its native proteins/peptides via reducing biomass fouling and inducing biofilm dispersion beside triggering bacterial cell death. These data are valuable to bioengineer precision-guided enamel pellicles as an efficient and versatile prevention remedy. In conclusion, integrating complementary acting functional domains of salivary proteins/peptides is a novel translational approach to design multifunctional customizable enamel pellicles for caries prevention.

scholarly journals Dementia Caregiving, Care Recipient Health, and Financial Burdens

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
Rashmita Basu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Positive Feeling ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Financial Burdens ◽  
Health Deterioration ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Objective: While about 75% of people with ADRD receive care informally by their family members, relatively little is known about the effect of the quality of caregiving on maintaining carerecipient’s health and financial burden of out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare costs. The goal of this study is to examine the quality of caregiving on the out-of-pocket healthcare costs among ADRD patients and if caregiving prevents deterioration of physical health of carerecipients. Data and Sample: We used a nationally representative sample of people diagnosed with ADRD from the Aging Demographic and Memory Study, subsample of the Health and Retirement Study. The study sample includes carerecipients whose caregivers participated in the survey (N=261). Outcome measures: Primary outcomes were deterioration of carerecipients’ health (1=yes, 0=no) and annual OOP healthcare costs. The quality of caregiving is captured by if caregiving made them feel good, feel useful and fee closer to carerecipients. More than 70% caregivers reported that caregiving make them feel good or useful. About 60% of carerecipients’ physical health was maintained, and average out-of-pocket costs was $3,701/year ($0-$31,051). Multivariable logit for binary health outcome and OLS regression for OOP cost were estimated. Results: The likelihood of health deterioration was significantly lower for carerecipients whose caregivers reported that caregiving made them feel useful (AOR=5.1, 95% CI: 1.9- 14.5) and lower OOP remained significantly associated with presence of usefulness of caregiving (cost decrease, $3000 [95% CI: $6309-$918). Positive feeling of caregiving is independently associated with lower OOP cost and deterioration of physical health among ADRD patients.

Inhaled corticosteroids in childhood asthma: Income differences in use

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita L. Kozyrskyj ◽  
Cameron A. Mustard ◽  
F. Estelle R. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Income Differences

Regional income differences in Holland

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo H. Klaassen ◽  
Wim C. Kroft ◽  
Reinier Voskuil
Keyword(s):  
Regional Income ◽  
Income Differences

Acute hospitals and older people in Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN MCCORMACK
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Early Discharge ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Acute Hospitals ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Financial Burdens ◽  
Management Groups

The Australian health care system is frequently portrayed as being in crisis, with reference to either large financial burdens in the form of hospital deficits, or declining service levels. Older people, characterised as a homogeneous category, are repeatedly identified as a major contributor to the crisis, by unnecessarily occupying acute beds while they await a vacancy in a residential facility. Several enquiries and hospital taskforce management groups have been set up to tackle the problem. This article reviews their findings and strategic recommendations, particularly as they relate to older people. Short-term policy responses are being developed which specifically target older people for early discharge and alternative levels of care, and which, while claiming positive intentions, may introduce new forms of age discrimination into the health system. Few of the currently favoured proposals promote age-inclusivity and older people's rights to equal access to acute care.

scholarly journals A qualitative study to analyse adverse drug reaction reporting forms

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Thamizhvani D ◽  
Keerthana Brattiya. R ◽  
Ramachandra Bhat.C ◽  
Stalin C
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Causality Assessment ◽  
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting ◽  
Pharmacovigilance Centre ◽  
Adr Reporting ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Incomplete Filling ◽  
Financial Burdens ◽  
Assessment Scales

Introduction: Adverse reactions to drugs cause increase in the hospital admissions. They also cause increased financial burdens to the patients. They can be reduced by increasing the awareness about adverse drug reactions. ADR reporting can create a database help in this regard. To make ADR reporting effective, good ADR reporting form is needed. This study was started to analyse the existing ADR forms of different countries and identify the possible improvements that can be made.Material and methods: ADR Reporting forms submitted to the Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre were analysed to identify the difficulties faced by the reporters while filling them. ADR reporting forms of different countries were also collected and analysed. Adequacies of these forms were analysed. Based on this qualitative analysis, areas for improvement were identified.Results: Use of generic names, use of abbreviations and incomplete filling up of the details were observed. Options for causality assessment scales, colouring of mandatory details, categorising ADRs as new or old, dates of intake of concomitant drugs were identified as items to be included in the ADR reporting forms in future.Conclusion: As per the study’s findings and other similar studies , dates of the concomitant drugs, categorisation of ADRs (as known or new ), different colours for the mandatory fields, options for causality assessment scales , whether the ADR is medically confirmed , exact chronology of clinical events are the items which can be included in ADR reporting forms in future. Need for more training for primary reporters in filling up of the ADR reporting form is recognized in this study.

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