Ameilorative effect of lycopine against cisplatin toxicity in rats

The following study aimed to investigate the hepato and neuro protective efficacy of Lycopine against Cisplatin which induced hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Twenty Five male Wister rats were used for this experiment they were equally divided into 5 groups (5 rats per group): group (1) served as control group they were injected 1ml saline orally once daily for 20 day, group (2) served as Corn Oil group and they were administrated 1 mL Corn Oil orally once daily for 20 days, group (3) served as Lycopine group and they were administrated (10 mg/kg b.wt) Lycopine orally once daily for 20 days. , group (4) served as Cisplatin treated group and they were injected (6 mg/kg b.wt.) intrapertonialy once at day 10 of experiment and group (5) Lycopine+Cisplatin group and were administrated 10 mg/kg b.wt Lycopine orally once daily for 20 days and injected 6 mg/kg b.wt.) intraperitonialy once at day 10 . Result revealed that Cisplatin induced liver damage indicated by significant increase in liver biomarkers ALP, AlT, AST along with significant decrease in albumin, Moreover marked increase increase in tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde(MDA) and Total antioxidant(TAC) and reduce tissue Glutathione reductase(GSH),that indicated oxidative stress Also results revealed up regulation IL-6 and down regulation IL-10 in liver and brain tissue in compared to control group . However, interestingly concurrent adminsteration of the Lycopine orally at dose level of 10mg/kg b.wt for 20 days with Cisplatin can mitigate these toxic effects caused by Cisplatin.So it is concluded that the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of Lycopine moderate the Cisplatin-induced hepato and neurotoxicity.

Early Neurodevelopmental Anomalies in Young Rats from Adult female Treated with Valproic Acid

Background: the influence of VPA on murine fertility, and on offspring is well documented: VPA decreases the fertility rate (by 25%) and the number of fœtus. Furthermore, VPA causes behavioral alterations in rodents similar to the symptoms observed in autism.Objective: in this study we investigated the effects of exposure of non-pregnant adult rats to VPA in the offspring of these animals.Material and methods: non-pregnant adult rats were divided into 3 groups; (1) distilled water group, (2) VPA 200 mg / kg group and (3) VPA 400 mg/kg group. The products were administered orally daily for 30 days. At the end of treatments, all rats were put into monogamous mating with breeding males. The zootechnical characteristics (gestation period, litter size, mortality rate) were then noted. The young rats were then subjected to a battery of behavioral tests (reversal and anti-gravity reflexes, cliff avoidance, suspension, motor coordination and eye opening), carried out at different stages of life to assess sensorimotor development. Morphological abnormalities were also sought, as well as the mortality rate on the 28th day of life.Results: An increase in the mortality rate and a decrease in the mean lifespan were found in female rats exposed to VPA. Young rats from female rats exposed to VPA showed decreased success rates and performance in behavioral testing. Morphodevelopmental abnormalities such as adictalia or stump necrosis were found in the VPA groups. The offspring mortality rate of female rats exposed to VPA 200 mg/kg was 100%.Conclusion: VPA administered to non-pregnant adult rats causes developmental abnormalities, decreased success rates for performance testing, deformities and increased mortality in young rats from the treated rats by VPA.

Pharmacological effect of synobiotic and phytobiotic in kidney function and some blood parameters of chicken

The aim of this research was to study the effects of dietary supplementation of ‎synbiotic, phytobiotics and their mixture on kidney functions, some blood parameters and histological criteria of broilers. A total of 200 ‎broiler chicks were randomly chosen and divided into eight groups (25 birds in each). The first four groups were unvaccinated chicken which received a basal diet (group 1) or ‎the same diet supplemented with 1g synobiotic /kg body weight (group 2), 1g phytobiotic /kg body weight (group 3) and 1g ‎synobiotic plus 1g phytobiotic/kg body weight (group 4). The second four groups were vaccinated chicken and fed the same previous treatments with groups 5, 6, 7 and 8, respectively. Therapeutic dose of synobiotic and phytobiotic or their mixture (1ml/ kg. body weight) orally for 3 ‎successive days ‎tended to decrease uric acid and creatinine in unvaccinated and vaccinated chicken at 7, 14 and 21 day. In this study uric acid and ‎creatinine levels resulted in decrease, showing a significant improvement of kidney functions‎ ‎. Some different parameters of blood and histological criteria showed normal measurements with no adverse effect of treatments.

The immunibiochemical effect of synobiotic and phytobiotic in vaccinated and unvaccinated chicken

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics, phytobiotics and their mixture on some blood parameters with respct to kidney and liver functions and some histological criteria of broilers. A total of 200 broiler chicks were randomly chosen and divided into eight groups (25 bird in each). The first four groups were unvaccinated chicken and allotted to four dietary treatments, either fed a basal diet (group 1) or the same diet supplemented with 1g synbiotic /kg body weight ( group 2) , 1g phytobiotic /kg body weight (group 3) and 1g synbiotic plus 1g phytobiotic/kg body weight (group 4) .The same previous treatments were received by four vaccinated chicken groups 5, 6,7 and 8 , respectively. Synobotic and phytobiotic tended to increase AST and ALT levels in vaccinated chicken during different periods. The mixture synbiotic and phytobiotic led to no significant increase in AST with unvac-cinated and increase of ALT level in vaccinated groups. Also, previous feed additive increased total protein in both vaccinated and unvac-cinated chickens. Supplementation mixture of both synbiotic and phytobiotic to diet increased total protein in unvaccinated and vaccinated chicken. Rations supplemented with synobiotic and phytobiotic increased albumin level in unvaccinated chicken and decreased with vac-cinated chicken during different periods. Consequently, mixtures of synobiotic and phytobiotic appeared the same trend. On the other, using synobiotic and phytobiotic showed increase globulin level with unvaccinated chicken and decrease with vaccinated chicken, while the mixture of them gave higher level of globulin with unvaccinated or vaccinated chicken during different periods, except at 21 day, the globulin level had slight decrease with unvaccinated chicken. At the same time supplementation synobiotic and phytobiotic or their mixture with unvaccinated or vaccinated chicken revealed normal histological criteria. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of syonbiotic and phytobiotic improved the gut health by decreasing the caecal total coliform count with no adverse effect.The aim of this experiment is to study the effect of dietary supplementation of synobiotic, phytobiotic and their mixture on kidney and liver functions and some histological criteria of broiler chicken.

Hepatorenal protective effect of ocimum sanctum in chickens toxicated by gentamicin

Background: ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) “Queen of herbs” is considered as sacred and medicinal plant in a lot of countries around the world especially India. Therefore this study was carried out to investigate the heptorenal protective effect of ocimum sanctum aqueous extract against gentamicin induced hepatorenal toxicity in chickens.Materials and Methods: A total 100, one-day old unsexed broiler chicks of a commercial breed (Cobb breed) were used in this study, the chickens were subjected to different treatments blood and tissue samples were collected at 5th week of age post administration, biochemical and histopathological examinations were utilized to investigate protective effect of ocimum sanctum aqueous extract on liver and kidney.Results: gentamicin recorded significant (P<0.05)increase in serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid and creatinine levels when compared with control group, the administration of ocimum sanctum aqueous extract with gentamicin ameliorate their toxic effect, the group treated with ocimum sanctum aqueous extract only similar to control, while gentamicin induce significant (P<0.05)decrease in serum albumin, total protein and globulin levels when compared with control group, ocimum sanctum aqueous extract with gentamicin restore their toxic effect. The group treated with ocimum sanctum aqueous extract only as control. Gentamicin induce histopathological alterations in liver and kidney tissues by comparison with control group and ocimum sanctum aqueous extract treated group as control, while the administration of ocimum sanctum aqueous extract with gentamicin showing improvement in histopathological lesion compared with toxic effect induced by gentamicin.Conclusions: The hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin were ameliorated by aqueous extract of ocimum sanctum especially at dose of 2ml/liter in drinking water for 12 days.

The protective action of ethanolic stem bark extract of Carissa edulis (VAHL) Apocynaceae against carbon tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity in rats

Background: Carissa edulis is generally used for the treatment of diverse ailments, but little or no interest has been shown on its hepatoprotective properties. This research work was aimed at evaluating the safety and claimed hepatoprotective activity of Carissa edulis.Method: For the intent of data collection, the method of Li et al., 2011 was used. In this method animals were treated with (250,500 and 1000mg/kg) of stem bark extract. The extract was given daily by gavage to the animals for 28 consecutive days. The 50% v/vCCl4 and olive oil was gavaged through gastric tube twice a week. The tests conducted were liver function test, liver antioxidant enzymes test, lipid profile test as well as Histopathological assessment of the liver sections.Results: Results of the study revealed that the markers in the animal treated with CCl4 were significantly higher than the normal control at (P<0.05). While blood samples from animals treated with the stem bark extracts were significantly lower than the CCl4 group at (P<0.05).Conclusion: These results imply that the ethanolic stem bark extract of Carissa edulis have a protective effect against CCl4 induced hepato - cellular injury.

Assessment of the total aqueous stem bark extract of Sacoglottis gabonensis (Baille) Urban on the anatomo-histology of Wistar rat liver, kidneys and heart

Sacoglottis gabonensis is a medicinal plant used traditionally for the treatment of Buruli ulcer in Côte d’Ivoire. To ensure its effect over a long period of use, assessment of the total aqueous stem bark extract of S. gabonensis (ETASg) on anatomo-histology of Wistar rat liver, kidneys and heart was evaluated. ETASg was administered to Wistar rats at doses of 3.5; 35 and 350 mg/kg/day for 90 days. The liver of rats treated with ETASg at 35 and 350 mg/kg showed color and appearance changes with whitish nodules. Furthermore, histological architecture revealed micro-vesicular steatosis. In contrast, gross examination did not showed any change color and appearance of the kidneys and heart of the rats tested at all doses of ETASg compared to those of control rats. Histological sections of the kidneys and heart of rats tested at all doses of ETASg showed normal kidney and heart cells. After stopping the administration, the liver abnormalities disappeared at the end of the 120 days. This study revealed that the integrity of the liver tissue is preserved only with ETASg of 3.5 mg/kg. On the other hand, it is guaranteed at all the doses studied for the renal and cardiac tissues.

Assessment of selected heavy metal load and identification of bacterial status associated with suya meat sold in Anambra state, Nigeria

Heavy metals and some pathogenic bacteria tend to contaminate food substances commonly consumed and this pose as health risks to the populace. The study was therefore conducted to assess the level of metal and bacteria contamination of meat barbecue (SUYA) commonly consumed in Anambra State, Nigeria. Thirty six sample were evenly collected from the sensational Zones and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Metal values obtained range as follows: Cadmium(4.17-7.93mg/kg), Lead(0.24-3.39mg/kg),Zinc(2.6-28.3mg/kg) and Arsenic(0.19-2.3mg/kg). Samples from Anambra North had the highest Zinc, Lead, and Arsenic levels 14.02, 0.94, and 0.96mg/kg rewspectively, while Anambra South recorded the highest cadmium level 6.16mg/kg. The Estimated daily intake(EDI) of Cadmium alone was found to be greater than the recommended value in the 3 senatorial zones. Again only Cadmium had a target hazard quotient(THQ) of greater than one in all the senatorial zones. All the zones had hazard index (HI) greater than one. North(5.95+00). South,(8.1E+00) and Central(4.8+00). Cancer risk for cadmium recorded in all the zones were above accepted limits. While for Arsenic the North zone recorded levels above acceptable limits. The following bacteria species were isolated from analyze soya samples. Staphyloccocus cereus, Bacillus aureus, Salmonella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia,however bacillus cereus was most commonly isolated and Pseudomonas aeruginosa least commonly isolated. The results indicated an appreciable level of contamination and a possible public health risk.

Effect of carissa edulis (VAHL) apocynaceae stem bark on hematological parameters in ccl¬4 induced albino rats

Aim/Objectives: There are claims that Carissa edulis has positive effects on hematological parameters. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety and claimed hematological effect of Carissa edulis on rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride.Method: Thirty six male albino rats were randomly allotted to six groups of six rats per group. The animals were treated with (250, 500 and 1000mg/kg of the stem bark extract of Carissa edulis. The extract was administered daily by gavage to the animals for 28 consecutive days. The 50%v/v Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and olive oil was gavaged twice a week. The animals of the normal control group were given 5ml/kg of distilled water while those of the CCl4 group were administered CCl4 only twice a week.Result: Results of the study showed that the CCl4 group caused a significant decrease in most of the hematological parameters while the extract treated groups showed a significant increase in these parameters.Discussion / Conclusion: This suggests that the ethanolic stem bark extract has erythropoietic, thrombopoietic and positive effect on the immune system.

Liquorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) hydroethanolic extracts effectively alleviate thioacetamide -induced hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity in experimental rats through their antioxidant nature

Background: Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a high valued plant and used in a lot of countries around the world. The liquorice (LQ) has a remarkable medicinal, nutritional and socio-economic value. Therefore this study was designed to clarify the protective effect of liquorice hydroethanolic extract against Thioacetamide (TAA) induced hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity in rats.Materials and Methods: Seventy white Albino male rats were used in this study and after acclimatization rats were subjected to different treatments blood and tissue samples were collected after day 30 post administration, biochemical, antioxidant, hematological and histopathological examinations were utilized to investigate hepatoprotective activity of liquorice hydroethanolic extract.Results: TAA significant (P<0.05) increase the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to control group and silymarin(SL)treated group as stander, admin-istration of LQ extract restore the toxic effect of TAA , while TAA significant (P<0.05) decrease the levels of catalase(CAT) ,hepatic glutathione(GSH) hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) , total protein and albumin level compared to control group and silymarin(SL)treated group as stander, LQ extract ameliorate toxic effect of TAA. TAA induce hematotoxicity in rats by significant (P<0.05) decrease Hb content and RBCs, whereas WBCs count significantly (P<0.05) increased throughout the period of administration when compared to the rats in control group and silymarin(SL)treated group as stander,LQ administration protect against the hematotoxicity effect of TAA, TAA induce histopathological alteration in liver tissue by comparison with control group and silymarin(SL)treated group as stander, while LQ extract showing improvement in the histopathological lesion compared with toxic effect induced by TAA.Conclusions: The hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity induced by TAA were ameliorated by hydroethanolic extract of LQ especially in double dose (200 mg/kg b.wt). This effect was attributed to free radical scavenging activity and potent antioxidant activity of its components (flavonoid, tannin and saponin).