childhood pneumonia
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

458
(FIVE YEARS 123)

H-INDEX

41
(FIVE YEARS 4)

Author(s):  
Jian-Te Lee ◽  
Jou-Wei Lin ◽  
Ho-Min Chen ◽  
Chen-Yu Wang ◽  
Chun-Yi Lu ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5727
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Collaro ◽  
Anne B. Chang ◽  
Julie M. Marchant ◽  
Mark D. Chatfield ◽  
Don Vicendese ◽  
...  

Background: Some but not all previous studies report that pneumonia in children aged less than five years is associated with lower lung function and elevated risk of respiratory disease. To date, none have explored these associations in at-risk populations such as First Nations Australians, whose incidence of early childhood pneumonia is among the highest reported in the world. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1276 First Nations Australian children/young adults aged 5–25 years recruited from regional/remote Queensland and Northern Territory communities and schools. Associations between pneumonia and both spirometry values and asthma were investigated using linear and logistic regression. Results: Early childhood pneumonia was associated with lower FEV1 and FVC Z-scores, but not FEV1/FVC% Z-scores, when occurring before age three (FEV1 β = −0.42, [95%CI −0.79, −0.04]; FVC β = −0.62, [95%CI −1.14, −0.09]), and between three and five years (β = −0.50, [95%CI −0.88, −0.12]; β = −0.63, [95%CI −1.17, −0.10]), compared to those who never had pneumonia. Similarly, pneumonia occurring when aged before age three years (OR = 3.68, 95%CI 1.96–6.93) and three to five years (OR = 4.81, 95%CI 1.46–15.8) was associated with increased risk of asthma in later childhood. Conclusions: Early childhood pneumonia is associated with lung function deficits and increased asthma risk in later childhood/early adulthood in First Nations Australians. The disproportionate impact of pneumonia on at-risk children must be addressed as a priority.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salahuddin Ahmed ◽  
Dipak Kumar Mitra ◽  
Harish Nair ◽  
Steve Cunningham ◽  
Ahad Mahmud Khan ◽  
...  

The World Health Organisation Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) algorithm relies on counting respiratory rate and observing respiratory distress to diagnose childhood pneumonia. IMCI performs with high sensitivity but low specificity, leading to over-diagnosis of child pneumonia and unnecessary antibiotic use. Including lung auscultation in IMCI could improve pneumonia diagnosis. Our objectives are: (i) assess lung sound recording quality by primary health care workers (HCWs) from under-five children with the Feelix Smart Stethoscope; and (ii) determine the reliability and performance of recorded lung sound interpretations by an automated algorithm compared to reference paediatrician interpretations. In a cross-sectional design, Community HCWs will record lung sounds of 1,003 under-five-year-old children with suspected pneumonia at first-level facilities in Zakiganj sub-district, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Enrolled children will be evaluated for pneumonia, including oxygen saturation, and have their lung sounds recorded by the Feelix Smart stethoscope at four sequential chest locations: two back and two front positions. A novel sound-filtering algorithm will be applied to recordings to address ambient noise and optimize recording quality. Recorded sounds will be assessed against a pre-defined quality threshold. A trained paediatric listening panel will classify recordings into one of the following categories: normal, crackle, wheeze, crackle and wheeze, or uninterpretable. All sound files will be classified into the same categories by the automated algorithm and compared with panel classifications. Lung auscultation and reliable interpretation of lung sounds of children are usually not feasible in first-level facilities in Bangladesh and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Incorporating automated lung sound classification within the current IMCI pneumonia diagnostic algorithm may improve childhood pneumonia diagnostic accuracy at LMIC first-level facilities.


Author(s):  
N/ Rimpova ◽  
V. Valcheva ◽  
A. Tsakova ◽  
H. Shivachev ◽  
D. Iliev

Lower respiratory tract infections are among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population worldwide. Despite advances in treatment and prevention, childhood pneumonia is a major reason for hospital admissions and remains a leading cause of death, claiming an estimated 800,000 children’s lives in 2018. Globally, over 1.23 million children died of pneumonia before reaching their 5th birthday - the equivalent of over 3.400 deaths per day  worldwide. There is growing evidence that vitamin D plays an important role in the immune system by modulating both innate and adaptive immunity. Vitamin D is an additional factor in the inflammatory response regulation. Its action is mediated via the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is present in almost all types of immune cells, including activated CD4+ and CD8+ cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with decreased host defenses against infections. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether low vitamin D status was a risk factor for pneumonia complications, usage of multiple antibiotics and prolonged hospital stay among hospitalized pediatric patients with community-aquired pneumonia. Total of 200 children (102 healthy controls and 98 with severe pneumonia) from 11 days to 17 years old were included in the study. Cases with severe pneumonia were subdivided into groups with and without complications (36 and 62, respectively). Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to measure the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. The control group showed lower values than the study group. Cases with complicated pneumonia had significantly lower levels 29.7-68.0 nmol/l, compared with 49.1-88.6 nmol/l in cases without complications. A significant negative correlation was found between vitamin D concentrations and duration of hospital stay, the number of antibiotics used for treatment, and serum levels of inflammatory markers. The low status of vitamin D is related to the severity of the disease, but has not been associated with the incidence/frequency of the disease. Children with low vitamin D levels may be at higher risk of developing life-threatening complications, intensive care admissions and a higher inflammatory response.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinley Wangdi ◽  
Kinley Penjor ◽  
Tsheten Tsheten ◽  
Chachu Tshering ◽  
Peter Gething ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Wang ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
Jiahui Tian ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Na Yan ◽  
...  

Abstract Background LncRNA GAS5 and miR-155 are reported to play opposite roles in lung inflammatory responses. Lung inflammation participates in childhood pneumonia, indicating the involvement of GAS5 and miR-155 in pneumonia. The study aimed to analyze the potential interaction between GAS5 and miR-155 in childhood pneumonia. Methods GAS5 and miR-155 levels in plasma samples from pneumonia patients and controls were detected using RT-qPCR. The role of GAS5 in miR-155 RNA gene methylation in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) was analyzed by methylation analysis. Flow cytometry and RT-qPCR were applied to analyze cell apoptosis and SHIP-1 expression, respectively. Results GAS5 was downregulated in pneumonia, and miR-155 was upregulated in pneumonia. GAS5 and miR-155 were inversely correlated. GAS5 overexpression decreased miR-155 expression in HBEpCs, while miR-155 overexpression showed no significant effects on GAS5 expression. In addition, GAS5 suppressed LPS-induced HBEpC apoptosis, promoted SHIP-1 expression, and reduced the enhancing effect of miR-155 on cell apoptosis and SHIP-1 expression. Conclusions GAS5 may participate in childhood pneumonia by inhibiting cell apoptosis and promoting SHIP-1 expression via downregulating miR-155.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1545-1548
Author(s):  
Chandra Bhushan Jha ◽  
Hem Sagar Rimal ◽  
Ram Bhakta Subedi

Introduction: Childhood pneumonia is the leading cause of serious illness and death worldwide. In developing countries, pneumonia is the biggest single cause of childhood death under the age of 5 years. Globally, anemia is a major nutritional problem of immense public health significance. Iron deficiency anemia in children occurs most frequently between the age of 6 months and 3years, the same period of age when repeated infections occur. Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of anemia among children diagnosed with pneumonia. Methodology: This is a hospital based cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, from 15th February 2020 to 15th August 2020. This study was performed on 150 pneumonic children between 6 to 60 months of age. History regarding fever, cough and fast breathing was taken.  All the data were recorded in the preformed proforma. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results:  This study was performed on 150 pneumonic children, in which male babies (n=93; 62%) outnumbered the female babies (n=57; 38%). The majority of children were in the age group of 6 to 24 month (n=85; 56.7%). The mean hemoglobin level was 9. 49±1.39 gm/dl. The hemoglobin level less than 11 gm/dl was seen in 102 (68%) cases. Microcytic hypochromic anemia was present in 73 (71.6%) children. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia among the pneumonic children of 6-60 months is 68% that is higher than the national data (52.6%) of prevalence of anemia in the same age group. While treating childhood pneumonia, checking hemoglobin on regular basis will be very useful to diagnose and manage concurrent anemia


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document