scholarly journals Bioinspired caries preventive strategy via customizable pellicles of saliva-derived protein/peptide constructs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina G. Moussa ◽  
Walter L. Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Functional Domains ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Native Proteins ◽  
Bacterial Cell Death ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Biofilm Dispersion ◽  
Financial Burdens ◽  
Acquired Enamel Pellicle

AbstractDental caries has been the most widespread chronic disease globally associated with significant health and financial burdens. Caries typically starts in the enamel, which is a unique tissue that cannot be healed or regrown; nonetheless, new preventive approaches have limitations and no effective care has developed yet. Since enamel is a non-renewable tissue, we believe that the intimate overlaying layer, the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP), plays a crucial lifetime protective role and could be employed to control bacterial adhesion and dental plaque succession. Based on our identified AEP whole proteome/peptidome, we investigated the bioinhibitory capacities of the native abundant proteins/peptides adsorbed in pellicle-mimicking conditions. Further, we designed novel hybrid constructs comprising antifouling and antimicrobial functional domains derived from statherin and histatin families, respectively, to attain synergistic preventive effects. Three novel constructs demonstrated significant multifaceted bio-inhibition compared to either the whole saliva and/or its native proteins/peptides via reducing biomass fouling and inducing biofilm dispersion beside triggering bacterial cell death. These data are valuable to bioengineer precision-guided enamel pellicles as an efficient and versatile prevention remedy. In conclusion, integrating complementary acting functional domains of salivary proteins/peptides is a novel translational approach to design multifunctional customizable enamel pellicles for caries prevention.

The role of Mediterranean diet in the course of subjective cognitive decline in the elderly population of Greece: results from a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
George S. Vlachos ◽  
Mary Yannakoulia ◽  
Costas A. Anastasiou ◽  
Mary H. Kosmidis ◽  
Efthimios Dardiotis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Very few data are available regarding the association of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) evolution over time. A cohort of 939 cognitively normal individuals reporting self-experienced, persistent cognitive decline not attributed to neurological, psychiatric or medical disorders from the Hellenic Epidemiological Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet (HELIAD study) was followed-up for a mean period of 3.10 years. We defined our SCD score as the number of reported SCD domains (memory, language, visuoperceptual and executive), ranging from 0 to 4. Dietary intake at baseline was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire; adherence to the MeDi pattern was evaluated through the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) that ranged from 0 to 55, with higher values indicating greater adherence to the MeDi. The mean SCD score in our cohort increased by 0.20 cognitive domains during follow-up. After adjustment for multiple potential confounders, we showed that an MDS higher by 10 points was associated with a 7% reduction in the progression of SCD within one year. In terms of food groups, every additional vegetable serving consumption per day was associated with a 2.3% reduction in SCD progression per year. Our results provide support to the notion that MeDi may have a protective role against the whole continuum of cognitive decline, starting at the first subjective complaints. This finding may strengthen the role of the MeDi as a population-wide, cost-effective preventive strategy targeting the modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline.

The Association of Early Childhood Caries with Salivary Antimicrobial Peptide LL37 and Mutans Streptococci

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
Manal Mohamed Almoudi ◽  
Alaa Sabah Hussein ◽  
Mohamed Ibrahim Abu-Hassan ◽  
Bahruddin Saripudin ◽  
Mohd Shawal Firdaus Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Childhood Caries

Purpose: This study aims to determine the relation of salivary LL37 level and mutans streptococci levels in early childhood caries (ECC). Study design: A case-control study was performed in children ≤71 months old. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and the level of salivary LL37 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The mutans streptococci oral bacteria were isolated from saliva and identified using a modified SB-20 culture medium (SB-20M). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate, and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Results: The was a variability of salivary LL37 level among the children and the level was significantly associated with age and races. The median (IQR) value of salivary LL37 in caries-free (CF) children was significantly higher 393.50 (580.55) ng/mL compared to 172.50 (234.65) ng/mL in the ECC group. The ECC children exhibited a significantly higher count of S. mutans and S. sobrinus compared to the CF children. An inverse weak correlation between salivary LL37 and dmft was also observed. Conclusions: The low salivary LL37 level and higher S. mutans and S. sobrinus count in ECC supported the protective role of salivary LL37 against dental caries. Further studies are required to explore the definite relation between salivary LL37 levels and dental caries.

scholarly journals Identification of Protein Components in Human Acquired Enamel Pellicle and Whole Saliva Using Novel Proteomics Approaches

2002 ◽  
Vol 278 (7) ◽  
pp. 5300-5308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yao ◽  
Eric A. Berg ◽  
Catherine E. Costello ◽  
Robert F. Troxler ◽  
Frank G. Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Acquired Enamel Pellicle

Structural Features of Salivary Function

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Lamkin ◽  
Frank G. Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Functional Domains ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Native Proteins ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Salivary Function

Saliva plays an important role in the maintenance of oral health by exhibiting multiple host defense functions. These include homeostatic processes, lubrication, antimicrobial activity, and the control of demineralization/remineralization of teeth. Biochemical studies of saliva and salivary secretions established that specific salivary proteins are responsible for these defense functions. Because some of these salivary proteins have been characterized extensively, including their primary structures, it has become feasible to explore their structure/function relationships. Acidic proline-rich proteins (PRPs), for example, exhibit high affinity to hydroxyapatite, inhibit crystal growth of calcium phosphate salts from solutions supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite, bind calcium ions, and interact with several oral bacteria on adsorption to hydroxyapatite. Statherins, histatins, and cystatins also exhibit affinities to mineral surfaces, inhibit calcium phosphate precipitation, and play a role in maintaining the integrity of teeth. Furthermore, histatins exhibit both antibacterial and antifungal activities. Approaches to identifying the functional domains of these salivary proteins include functional assays of enzymatically digested proteins and peptides, synthetic peptides and peptide analogues, and chemically modified proteins as well as biophysical studies of native proteins or peptides. Such studies have demonstrated that the fungicidal activities of histatins reside in the middle portion of the polypeptide chain, whereas the hydroxyapatite binding domains of PRPs and statherin reside in the phosphorylated amino-terminal regions. Identification of functional domains is vital in understanding the mechanisms of action and this information can be exploited in the development of therapeutic agents.

534 Management of Burn Scar with Dermabrasion and Non-cultured Regenerative Epithelial Suspension

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S104-S105
Author(s):  
Liang Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Burn Scar ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Scar Management ◽  
Financial Burdens ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Challenging scars are detrimental for the health-related quality of life of the burn patients, increases financial burdens and, moreover, tests the clinician’s ability to treat these scars. Regenerative epithelial suspension can lead to the restoration of wound and repigmentation, which can treat scar and depigmentation diseases.The application of evidence-based practice has been shown to have the potential to improve health outcomes and strengthen health systems by providing more efficient and cost-effective care. We challenged the noncultured regenerative epithelial suspension in 3 burn scars with hyper- or hypo-pigmentation. Methods The cases presented comprise of a superficial burn scar with hyperpigmentation on face of an 18 year old male, a superficial burn scar with hypopigmentation on the thoracic region of 12 year old girl and a challenging to heel burn scar with hyperpigmentation on the right leg of a 20 year old gentleman. The scars were treated with microdermabrasion, then the ratio of about 1:60–1:150 autologous noncultured regenerative epithelial suspension were obtained and sprayed to the wound. The care givers regularly assessed these wounds till healing, including a clinical, a planimetric and photographic records to 3 months. Results A total of 3 patients with superficial scars treated by non-cultured regenerative epithelial suspension technology combined with microdermabrasion showed significant improvement in skin texture and color. Conclusions Our study showed that regenerative epithelial suspension technology combined with microdermabrasion may improve scar. Applicability of Research to Practice The good clinical outcomes documented through these three selected cases support the use of this new promising treatment in our daily practice of superficial scar management.

Protective role of peroxiredoxin-4 in heart failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Masooma Naseem ◽  
Javeria Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Consequent Increase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Recently, we have read with great interest the article published by Ibarrola et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2018) 132, 1471–1485), which used proteomics and immunodetection methods to show that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. Authors concluded that ‘antioxidant activity of Prx-4 had been identified as a protein down-regulated by Gal-3. Moreover, Gal-3 induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity which resulted in a consequent increase in peroxide levels and oxidative stress markers in cardiac fibroblasts.’ We would like to point out some results stated in the article that need further investigation and more detailed discussion to clarify certain factors involved in the protective role of Prx-4 in heart failure.

Release of cariostatic agents from a new buffering fluoride- and xylitol-containing lozenge to human whole saliva in vivo

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. TENOVUO ◽  
T. HURME ◽  
A. AHOLA ◽  
C. SVEDBERG ◽  
I. OSTELA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Saliva

Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Stevens ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
High Control ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.

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