A nomogram based on serum cystatin C for predicting acute kidney injury in patients with traumatic brain injury

Objectives: Serum creatinine levels are often used to diagnose acute kidney injury (AKI), but may not necessarily accurately reflect changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study aimed to compare the prevalence of AKI in children with severe malaria using diagnostic criteria based on creatinine values in contrast to cystatin C. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed between June 2016 and May 2017 at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. A total of 170 children aged 0.5–14 years old with severe malaria were included. Serum cystatin C levels were determined using a particle-enhanced immunoturbidmetric assay method, while creatinine levels were measured using the Jaffe reaction. Renal function assessed using cystatin C-derived estimated GFR (eGFR) was compared to that measured using three sets of criteria based on creatinine values including the Kidney Disease: Improved Global Outcomes (KDIGO) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria as well as an absolute creatinine cut-off value of >1.5 mg/dL. Results: Mean serum cystatin C and creatinine levels were 1.77 ± 1.37 mg/L and 1.23 ± 1.80 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.002). According to the KDIGO, WHO and absolute creatinine criteria, the frequency of AKI was 32.4%, 7.6% and 16.5%, respectively. In contrast, the incidence of AKI based on cystatin C-derived eGFR was 51.8%. Overall, the rate of detection of AKI was significantly higher using cystatin C compared to the KDIGO, WHO and absolute creatinine criteria (P = 0.003, <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Diagnostic criteria for AKI based on creatinine values may not indicate the actual burden of disease in children with severe malaria. Keywords: Biomarkers; Acute Kidney Injury; Renal Failure; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Cystatin C; Creatinine; Malaria; Nigeria.

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The Combination of Serum Cystatin C, Urinary Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and MELD plus Score Predicts Early Acute Kidney Injury after Liver Transplantation

Surgery Gastroenterology and Oncology ◽

10.21614/sgo-23-2-121 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 121 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marian-Irinel Tudoroiu ◽

Georgiana Constantin ◽

Liliana Pâslaru ◽

Speranţa Iacob ◽

Cristian Gheorghe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Cystatin C ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Serum Cystatin C ◽

Serum Cystatin ◽

Kidney Injury Molecule 1

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Baseline serum cystatin C as a marker of acute kidney injury in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure

Indian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1007/s12664-021-01201-8 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Praveen Jha ◽

Ashish Kumar Jha ◽

Vishwa Mohan Dayal ◽

Sanjeev Kumar Jha ◽

Amarendra Kumar

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Liver Failure ◽

Cystatin C ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

Chronic Liver Failure ◽

Serum Cystatin C ◽

Serum Cystatin ◽

Baseline Serum

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Early postoperative serum cystatin C predicts severe acute kidney injury following pediatric cardiac surgery

Kidney International ◽

10.1038/ki.2011.123 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 80 (6) ◽

pp. 655-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Michael Zappitelli ◽

Catherine D. Krawczeski ◽

Prasad Devarajan ◽

Zhu Wang ◽

Kyaw Sint ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Cystatin C ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Pediatric Cardiac Surgery ◽

Serum Cystatin C ◽

Serum Cystatin ◽

Postoperative Serum

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Comparison of serum creatinine and serum cystatin C as biomarkers to detect sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and to predict mortality in CD-1 mice

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00025.2013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 307 (8) ◽

pp. F939-F948 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Asada Leelahavanichkul ◽

Ana Carolina P. Souza ◽

Jonathan M. Street ◽

Victor Hsu ◽

Takayuki Tsuji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Cystatin C ◽

Cecal Ligation ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Experimental Sepsis ◽

Sepsis Mortality ◽

Serum Cystatin C ◽

Serum Cystatin

Acute kidney injury (AKI) dramatically increases sepsis mortality, but AKI diagnosis is delayed when based on serum creatinine (SCr) changes, due in part, to decreased creatinine production. During experimental sepsis, we compared serum cystatin C (sCysC), SCr, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to inulin glomerular filtration rate (iGFR) before or 3–18 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in CD-1 mice. sCysC had a faster increase and reached peak levels more rapidly than SCr in both sepsis and bilateral nephrectomy (BiNx) models. sCysC was a better surrogate of iGFR than SCr during sepsis. Combining sCysC with SCr values into a composite biomarker improved correlation with iGFR better than any biomarker alone or any other combination. We determined the renal contribution to sCysC handling with BiNx. sCysC and SCr were lower post-BiNx/CLP than post-BiNx alone, despite increased inflammatory and nonrenal organ damage biomarkers. Sepsis decreased CysC production in nephrectomized mice without changing body weight or CysC space. Sepsis decreased sCysC production and increased nonrenal clearance, similar to effects of sepsis on SCr. sCysC, SCr, and BUN were measured 6 h postsepsis to link AKI with mortality. Mice with above-median sCysC, BUN, or SCr values 6 h postsepsis died earlier than mice with below-median values, corresponding to a substantial AKI association with sepsis mortality in this model. sCysC performs similarly to SCr in classifying mice at risk for early mortality. We conclude that sCysC detects AKI early and better reflects iGFR in CLP-induced sepsis. This study shows that renal biomarkers need to be evaluated in specific contexts.

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Role of cystatin C as a biomarker of acute kidney injury and as an independent long-term predictor of cardiovascular events, mortality and functional outcome

Italian Journal of Medicine ◽

10.4081/itjm.2012.195 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Carolina Marrani ◽

Teuta Zenjelaj ◽

Daniela Bartoli ◽

Francesco Corradi ◽

Rinaldo Innocenti

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Cystatin C ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Serum Cystatin C ◽

Serum Cystatin ◽

Long Term Mortality

Introduction Serum cystatin C measurements as an early biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) is gaining acceptance as studies confirm and define its usefulness. The aim of this study is to determine whether increase in serum cystatin C has an impact on long-term mortality, independently from the presence of the kidney injury itself.Materials and methods A retrospective study (20-month follow-up) was conducted in 173 not selected hospitalized patients. According to serum cystatin C concentrations, patients were stratified in risk classes by quartiles (≥0.55 and <1 mg/L; ≥1 and <1.17 mg/L; ≥1.17 and 1.57 mg/L; ≥1.57 and ≤5.29 mg/L). We compared the association of cystatin C levels with the risk for long-term mortality, after adjustment for age, sex, race and heart failure risk factors.Results A relationship with higher serum levels of cystatin C and mortality was found in patients with and without AKI, being stronger in patients without AKI. After multivariate adjustment, the highest quartile of cystatin C (>1.5 mg/L) was associated with a lower risk for long-term mortality. The statistical analysis (Cox regression) of the independent variables as far as mortality is concerned confirmed the significance of our result (RR 3.60; IC 1.73–7.48; p = 0.001).Conclusions In summary, elevated serum cystatin C level (>1.5 mg/L) was strongly and independently associated with negative clinical outcomes such as mortality and cardiovascular events, independently from the kidney injury itself. The dosage of cystatin C might play an important role in clinical practice for the assessment of cardiovascular risk stratification.

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