scholarly journals Landscapes and Effective Fitness

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 389-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Stadler ◽  
Christopher R. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Effective Fitness

General Schema Theory for Genetic Programming with Subtree-Swapping Crossover: Part II

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Poli ◽  
Nicholas Freitag McPhee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Programming ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Exact Formulation ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
General Schema ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Fitness ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Exact Definition

This paper is the second part of a two-part paper which introduces a general schema theory for genetic programming (GP) with subtree-swapping crossover (Part I (Poli and McPhee, 2003)). Like other recent GP schema theory results, the theory gives an exact formulation (rather than a lower bound) for the expected number of instances of a schema at the next generation. The theory is based on a Cartesian node reference system, introduced in Part I, and on the notion of a variable-arity hyperschema, introduced here, which generalises previous definitions of a schema. The theory includes two main theorems describing the propagation of GP schemata: a microscopic and a macroscopic schema theorem. The microscopic version is applicable to crossover operators which replace a subtree in one parent with a subtree from the other parent to produce the offspring. Therefore, this theorem is applicable to Koza's GP crossover with and without uniform selection of the crossover points, as well as one-point crossover, size-fair crossover, strongly-typed GP crossover, context-preserving crossover and many others. The macroscopic version is applicable to crossover operators in which the probability of selecting any two crossover points in the parents depends only on the parents' size and shape. In the paper we provide examples, we show how the theory can be specialised to specific crossover operators and we illustrate how it can be used to derive other general results. These include an exact definition of effective fitness and a size-evolution equation for GP with subtree-swapping crossover.

scholarly journals Schemata Evolution and Building Blocks

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Stephens ◽  
Henri Waelbroeck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Evolution Equation ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Effective Fitness ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Low Order

In the light of a recently derived evolution equation for genetic algorithms we consider the schema theorem and the building block hypothesis. We derive a schema theorem based on the concept of effective fitness showing that schemata of higher than average effective fitness receive an exponentially increasing number of trials over time. The equation makes manifest the content of the building block hypothesis showing how fit schemata are constructed from fit sub-schemata. However, we show that, generically, there is no preference for short, low-order schemata. In the case where schema reconstruction is favored over schema destruction, large schemata tend to be favored. As a corollary of the evolution equation we prove Geiringer's theorem.

scholarly journals High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) Improves Fitness in Recruit Firefighters

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13400
Author(s):  
Annmarie Chizewski ◽  
Allyson Box ◽  
Richard M. Kesler ◽  
Steven J. Petruzzello
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Fitness Program ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Hotelling's T2 ◽  
Hotelling’S T2 ◽  
Effective Fitness

Background: Firefighting is a strenuous profession requiring adequate levels of fitness for effective job performance. Providing firefighters with a safe and effective fitness program is essential for optimal performance. The purpose of this project was to examine changes in various parameters of physical fitness and firefighter ability following a 7-week high intensity functional training (HIFT) program. Methods: Participants were male firefighter recruits (N = 89; age = 27.1 ± 4.2 years, height = 1.78 ± 0.1 m, BMI = 28.1 ± 4.2) enrolled in a Basic Operations Firefighter Academy. Fitness and firefighting ability (via the Academy Firefighter Challenge) were assessed at Weeks 1 and 7 of the Academy. Results: Significant improvements in both fitness and firefighter ability were seen following the HIFT program. Specifically, fitness (BMI, cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance) improved significantly [Hotelling’s T2 = 8.98, F(5, 84) = 150.92, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.90]. Firefighter ability also improved significantly [Hotelling’s T2 = 3.95, F(7, 88) = 46.26, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.80]. Conclusions: Following a 7-week Basic Operations Firefighter Academy that included daily HIFT, significant increases in fitness and firefighting ability were observed. These findings suggest that HIFT appears to be an effective means of improving fitness and firefighting ability in recruit firefighters.

A Study on Deriving a Method for Chromosome Similarities Suitable for the Search Space

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Banno ◽  
◽  
Tomohiro Yoshikawa ◽  
Hiroharu Kawanaka ◽  
Tsuyoshi Shinogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Problems ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Search Algorithms ◽  
Evolutionary Computations ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
Fitness Value ◽  
Effective Fitness

Evolutionary Computations (ECs) are powerful search algorithms for nonlinear problems, and have been. widely studied. Generally, calculation of EC to acquire expected solutions takes much time because they need repeated calculation for search solutions. Hanaki et al. proposed the fitness inference to reduce evaluation time by simplifying calculation of the fitness of chromosomes. In fitness inference, how chromosome similarities is defined is very important corresponding to that of solutions. We studied chromosome similarities considering the solution similarities, and propose new chromosome similarities with the weight on each locus determined by the change of information on the locus using Sequential Difference Fitness Value Allocation. We used benchmark functions to study the feasibility of the proposed method and found that effective weights on loci suitable for the search space are automatically generated, and that the proposed method enables effective fitness inference.

Physical Fitness: What Is It and Why Should It Be Included in Secondary School Programs?

1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (418) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Wayne L. Westcott
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
School Programs ◽  
Fitness Programs ◽  
Effective Fitness

The questions posed in the title are an swered on the follow ing pages. Also offered are recom mendations for implementing more effective fitness programs.

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