Degrees of freedom: reflections on perceived barriers to outdoor learning practice for early education in England and Turkey

The motion of an artificial satellite around the Moon is much more complicated than that around the Earth, since the shape of the Moon is a triaxial ellipsoid and the effect of the Earth on the motion is very important even for a very close satellite.The differential equations of motion of the satellite are written in canonical form of three degrees of freedom with time depending Hamiltonian. By eliminating short-periodic terms depending on the mean longitude of the satellite and by assuming that the Earth is moving on the lunar equator, however, the equations are reduced to those of two degrees of freedom with an energy integral.Since the mean motion of the Earth around the Moon is more rapid than the secular motion of the argument of pericentre of the satellite by a factor of one order, the terms depending on the longitude of the Earth can be eliminated, and the degree of freedom is reduced to one.Then the motion can be discussed by drawing equi-energy curves in two-dimensional space. According to these figures satellites with high inclination have large possibilities of falling down to the lunar surface even if the initial eccentricities are very small.The principal properties of the motion are not changed even if plausible values ofJ3andJ4of the Moon are included.This paper has been published in Publ. astr. Soc.Japan15, 301, 1963.

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Representing utility and deploying the body

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19001602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

David Spurrett

Keyword(s):

Functional Activity ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

The Body ◽

Target Article ◽

Processing Demands ◽

The Many

Abstract Comprehensive accounts of resource-rational attempts to maximise utility shouldn't ignore the demands of constructing utility representations. This can be onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities. Another thing best not ignored is the processing demands of making functional activity out of the many degrees of freedom of a body. The target article is almost silent on both.

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Case Studies for Telepractice in AAC

Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication ◽

10.1044/aac23.1.42 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 42-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tanya Rose Curtis

Keyword(s):

Service Delivery ◽

Case Studies ◽

Eye Gaze ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Computer Experience ◽

Access Methods ◽

Complex Communication Needs ◽

Barriers To Service ◽

Communication Needs

As the field of telepractice grows, perceived barriers to service delivery must be anticipated and addressed in order to provide appropriate service delivery to individuals who will benefit from this model. When applying telepractice to the field of AAC, additional barriers are encountered when clients with complex communication needs are unable to speak, often present with severe quadriplegia and are unable to position themselves or access the computer independently, and/or may have cognitive impairments and limited computer experience. Some access methods, such as eye gaze, can also present technological challenges in the telepractice environment. These barriers can be overcome, and telepractice is not only practical and effective, but often a preferred means of service delivery for persons with complex communication needs.

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Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Dysphagia Management: Clinician Use and Perceived Barriers

Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders ◽

10.1044/cicsd_39_f_55 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (Fall) ◽

pp. 55-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samantha Shune ◽

Jerald B. Moon

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽

Perceived Barriers

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Das Experten-Novizen-Paradigma und die Vertrauenskrise in der Psychologie

Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie ◽

10.1026/1612-5010/a000174 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 131-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Philip Furley ◽

Karsten Schul ◽

Daniel Memmert

Keyword(s):

Degrees Of Freedom

Zusammenfassung. Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es anhand eines vielverwendeten Paradigmas in der Sportwissenschaft – dem Experten-Novizen-Vergleich – zu prüfen, ob die momentane Vertrauenskrise in der Psychologie ebenfalls die Sportpsychologie betreffen könnte. Anhand einer exemplarischen Studie zeigen wir, dass es innerhalb dieses Paradigmas zu kontroversen Befunden kommt, welche durch die vermuteten Ursachen der Vertrauenskrise (Researcher Degrees of Freedom, kleine Stichprobengrößen) erklärt sein könnten. Zusätzlich argumentieren wir, dass weitere Faktoren (Konfundierung, Stichprobengrößen, Rosenthal Effekt, Expertise-Definition) innerhalb dieses Paradigmas die Reproduzierbarkeit von Erkenntnissen in Frage stellen. Wir diskutieren mögliche Maßnahmen, wie die dargestellten Probleme des Experten-Novizen-Paradigmas in zukünftigen Forschungsarbeiten gelöst werden können.

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