Comparison of the sensitivity to change of the Functional Independence Measure with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills within different rehabilitation populations

Objective This study determined the sensitivity to change of the Enfranchisement scale of the Community Participation Indicators in people with stroke. Data sources We analyzed data from two studies of participants with stroke: an intervention study and an observational study. Main measures The Enfranchisement Scale contains two subscales: the Importance subscale (feeling valued by and contributing to the community; range: 14–70) and the Control subscale (choice and control: range: 13–64). Data analysis Assessments were administered 6 months apart. We calculated minimum detectable change and minimal clinically important difference. Results The Control subscale analysis included 121 participants with a mean age of 61.2 and mild-moderate disability (Functional Independence Measure, mean = 97.9, SD = 24.7). On the Control subscale, participants had a mean baseline score of 51.4 (SD = 10.4), and little mean change (1.3) but with large variation in change scores (SD = 11.5). We found a minimum detectable change of 9 and a minimum clinically important difference of 6. The Importance subscale analysis included 116 participants with a mean age of 60.7 and mild-moderate disability (Functional Independence Measure, mean = 98.9, SD = 24.5). On the Importance subscale, participants had a mean baseline score of 44.1 (SD = 12.7), and again demonstrated little mean change (1.08) but with large variation in change scores (SD = 12.6). We found a minimum detectable change of 11 and a minimum clinically important difference 7. Conclusions The Control subscale required 9 points of change, and the Importance subscale required 11 points of change, to achieve statistically and clinically meaningful changes, suggesting adequate sensitivity to change.

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A Study to Examine the Relationship of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) to other Tests of Cognition and Function

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/030802269605900603 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 260-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Susanna E Robinson ◽

Anne G Fisher

Keyword(s):

Functional Independence Measure ◽

The Elderly ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Process Skills ◽

Observational Assessment ◽

Cognitive Component ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Physical Scale ◽

And Function ◽

Relationship Of

In this study, the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), an observational assessment of functional ability, was compared with other tests of function and cognition, namely the Functional Independence Measure (RM), the CAMCOG (the cognitive component of the CAMDEX [Cambridge Examination for Mental Status in the Elderly]) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The subjects were people with diagnosed dementia or mild memory impairment. The results were as expected, revealing significant relationships between AMPS process ability and the CAMCOG, the MMSE and the FIM social/cognition scale, and between AMPS motor ability and the RM physical scale. This supported the validity of the AMPS as an evaluation of the interaction between cognitive impairments and disability in complex activities of daily living.

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Comparing the Responsiveness of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills and the Functional Independence Measure

Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.2182/cjot.2012.79.3.6 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 167-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Andrea M. Fioravanti ◽

Candace M. Bordignon ◽

Susan M. Pettit ◽

Linda J. Woodhouse ◽

Barbara J. Ansley

Keyword(s):

Functional Independence Measure ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Process Skills

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CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF THE FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE MEASURE (FIM): QUESTIONING THE UNIDIMENSIONALITY OF THE SCALE AND THE "VALUE" OF FIM SCORES

Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.1080/003655099444704 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 31-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Jean-François Ravaud, Michel Delcey, Alain Yelnik

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Functional Independence Measure ◽

Functional Independence

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AN EVALUATION OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY INTERVENTION GOVERNED BY FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE MEASURE (FIMSM) IN INCONTINENT STROKE PATIENTS

Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.1080/003655098444273 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 15-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Barbro Wikander, Peter Ekelund, Ian Milsom

Keyword(s):

Functional Independence Measure ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Multidisciplinary Intervention

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Adipokines as Potential Biomarkers in the Neurorehabilitation of Obese Stroke Patients

Current Neurovascular Research ◽

10.2174/1567202617666200603150901 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 437-445

Author(s):

Irene Ciancarelli ◽

Giovanni Morone ◽

Marco Iosa ◽

Stefano Paolucci ◽

Loris Pignolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Functional Recovery ◽

Functional Independence Measure ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽

Before And After ◽

Forward Stepwise ◽

Clinical Measures

Background: Limited studies concern the influence of obesity-induced dysregulation of adipokines in functional recovery after stroke neurorehabilitation. Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum leptin, resistin, and adiponectin and functional recovery before and after neurorehabilitation of obese stroke patients. The adipokine potential significance as prognostic markers of rehabilitation outcomes was also verified. Methods: Twenty obese post-acute stroke patients before and after neurorehabilitation and thirteen obese volunteers without-stroke, as controls, were examined. Adipokines were determined by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Functional deficits were assessed before and after neurorehabilitation with the Barthel Index (BI), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Results: Compared to controls, higher leptin and resistin values and lower adiponectin values were observed in stroke patients before neurorehabilitation and no correlations were found between adipokines and clinical outcome measures. Neurorehabilitation was associated with improved scores of BI, mRS, and FIM. After neurorehabilitation, decreased values of Body Mass Index (BMI) and resistin together increased adiponectin were detected in stroke patients, while leptin decreased but not statistically. Comparing adipokine values assessed before neurorehabilitation with the outcome measures after neurorehabilitation, correlations were observed for leptin with BI-score, mRS-score, and FIM-score. No other adipokine levels nor BMI assessed before neurorehabilitation correlated with the clinical measures after neurorehabilitation. The forward stepwise regression analysis identified leptin as prognostic factor for BI, mRS, and FIM. Conclusions: Our data show the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation in modulating adipokines levels and suggest that leptin could assume the significance of biomarker of functional recovery.

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Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients in Acute, Subacute and Chronic Stage: A Construct Validity Study

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11020365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 365

Author(s):

Cecilia Estrada-Barranco ◽

Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda ◽

Vanesa Abuín-Porras ◽

Francisco Molina-Rueda

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Functional Independence Measure ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Assessment Scale ◽

Validity Study ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Chronic Stage ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Valid Instrument ◽

Postural Assessment

(1) Background: Observational scales are the most common methodology used to assess postural control and balance in people with stroke. The aim of this paper was to analyse the construct validity of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS) scale in post-stroke patients in the acute, subacute, and chronic stroke phases. (2) Methods: Sixty-one post-stroke participants were enrolled. To analyze the construct validity of the PASS, the following scales were used: the Functional Ambulatory Category (FAC), the Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS), the Barthel Index (BI) and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). (3) Results: The construct validity of the PASS scale in patients with stroke at acute phase was moderate with the FAC (r = −0.791), WGS (r = −0.646) and FIM (r = −0.678) and excellent with the BI (r = 0.801). At subacute stage, the construct validity of the PASS scale was excellent with the FAC (r = 0.897), WGS (r = −0.847), FIM (r = −0.810) and BI (r = −0.888). At 6 and 12 months, the construct validity of the PASS with the FAC, WGS, FIM and BI was also excellent. (4) Conclusions: The PASS scale is a valid instrument to assess balance in post-stroke individuals especially, in the subacute and chronic phases (at 6 and 12 months).

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Impact of structured physical therapy intervention on functional recovery in a patient with CAPOS syndrome: a case report

Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy ◽

10.1186/s43161-021-00026-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shailesh Gardas ◽

Aishwarya Mahajan

Keyword(s):

Functional Performance ◽

Functional Independence Measure ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Measurement Scale ◽

Manual Muscle Testing ◽

Trunk Control ◽

Control Measurement ◽

Muscle Testing ◽

Post Test ◽

Capos Syndrome

Abstract Background CAPOS syndrome (cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pescavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss) is a rare congenital autosomal dominant disorder. The resulting neurological sequelae of impairments are progressive in nature and may interfere with functional independence, performing activities of daily living (ADL’s), and subsequently, affecting the quality of life (QOL). Since it is an extremely rare disorder, there is a severe dearth in the literature about how specific physiotherapy interventions may affect their functional status. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and Frenkel’s coordination exercises on functional recovery in a patient with CAPOS syndrome. Case presentation We herein present a case of a 25-year-old Indian male with complaints of generalized body weakness, difficulty visualizing distant objects, nystagmus, progressive sensorineural deafness, and ataxia. He was rehabilitated with a structured/customized physiotherapy protocol consisting of PNF approach and coordination exercises for 4 weeks, 6 days/week, 60 min daily. An improvement in overall functional performance of patient as per post-intervention scores of manual muscle testing, trunk control measurement scale, functional independence measure (components of self-care, transfers, and locomotion), and decline in severity of ataxia on scale for assessment and rating of ataxia scale was observed. Conclusion PNF and Frenkel’s exercises resulted in an improvement in overall functional performance of the patient. Improvement was observed in post-test scores of Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) for the components of self-care, transfers, and locomotion. Additionally, results also showed a decline in severity of ataxia on post-test scores of scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) scale (i.e., from severe to moderate).

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Development and Validation of Crosswalks Between FIM® and SCIM III for Voluntary Musculoskeletal Movement Functions

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair ◽

10.1177/15459683211033854 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 154596832110338

Author(s):

Linda A. T. Jones ◽

Chih-Ying Li ◽

David Weitzenkamp ◽

John Steeves ◽

Susie Charlifue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Functional Recovery ◽

Systems Of Care ◽

Functional Independence Measure ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Parametric Analyses ◽

Development And Validation

Background. In spinal cord injury, there are multiple databases containing information on functional recovery, but data cannot be pooled or compared due to differences in how function is measured. A crosswalk is needed to link or convert scores between instruments. Objectives. To create a crosswalk between the voluntary musculoskeletal movement items in the Functional Independence Measure (FIM®) and the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM III) for spinal cord injury. Methods. Retrospective datasets with FIM® and SCIM III on the same people were used to develop (Swiss dataset, n = 662) and validate (US, n = 119, and Canadian datasets, n = 133) the crosswalks. Three different crosswalk methods (expert panel, equipercentile, and Rasch analysis) were employed. We used the correlation between observed scores on FIM® and SCIM III to crosswalked scores as the primary criterion to assess the strength of the crosswalk. Secondary criteria such as score distributions, Cohen’s effect size, point differences, and subgroup invariance were also evaluated. Results. All three methods resulted in strong correlation coefficients, exceeding the primary criterion value of r = .866 (.897–.972). Assessment of secondary criteria suggests the equipercentile and Rasch methods produced the strongest crosswalks. Conclusions. The Rasch FIM®/SCIM III crosswalk is recommended because it is based on co-calibration of linearized measures, allowing for more sophisticated parametric analyses. The crosswalk will allow comparisons of voluntary musculoskeletal functional recovery across international databases using different functional measures, as well as different systems of care and rehabilitation approaches.

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Factors Related to Greater Functional Recovery after Suffering a Stroke

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11060802 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 802

Author(s):

María Vázquez-Guimaraens ◽

José L. Caamaño-Ponte ◽

Teresa Seoane-Pillado ◽

Javier Cudeiro

Keyword(s):

Functional Status ◽

Hospital Discharge ◽

Functional Independence Measure ◽

Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Primary Diagnosis ◽

Rehabilitation Service ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Functional Assessments

Background: In a stroke, the importance of initial functional status is fundamental for prognosis. The aim of the current study was to investigate functional status, assessed by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scale, and possible predictors of functional outcome at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Methods: This is a retrospective study that was carried out at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service in A Coruña (Spain). A total of 365 consecutive patients with primary diagnosis of stroke were enrolled. The functional assessments of all patients were performed through the FIM. A descriptive and a bivariate analysis of the variables included in the study was made and a succession of linear regression models was used to determine which variables were associated with the total FIM at discharge. Results: Prior to having the stroke, 76.7% were totally independent in activities of daily living. The FIM scale score was 52.5 ± 25.5 points at admission and 83.4 ± 26.3 at hospital discharge. The multivariate analysis showed that FIM scores on admission were the most important predictors of FIM outcomes. Conclusions: Our study indicates that the degree of independence prior to admission after suffering a stroke is the factor that will determine the functionality of patients at hospital discharge.

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