Integrating climate protection and mitigation functions with other landscape functions in rural areas: a landscape planning approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina von Haaren ◽  
Wiebke Saathoff ◽  
Carolin Galler
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
Landscape Functions ◽  
Planning Approach

scholarly journals Strategies for the Management of Traditional Chestnut Landscapes in Pesio Valley, Italy: A Participatory Approach

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Paola Gullino ◽  
Maria Mellano ◽  
Gabriele Beccaro ◽  
Marco Devecchi ◽  
Federica Larcher
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Forestry Policies

Through an exploratory case study conducted in the Pesio Valley, northwest Italy, this paper proposes a framework for maintaining traditional chestnut production landscapes and addressing future development policies. The main goal was to understand how to promote a bottom-up planning approach, including stakeholder perceptions in traditional chestnut landscape management. To ensure the sustainability of the landscape, current driving forces and their landscape effects were identified by local stakeholders using a focus group technique. Population ageing, local forestry policies directed towards supporting chestnut growers’ income, social and economic needs, and land fragmentation are the main driving forces that will influence future chestnut landscapes. The focus group participants built two scenarios of possible future development of the chestnut landscape, one characterized by the disappearance and transformation of chestnut stands, the other by their permanence and maintenance. The most recommended strategies for maintaining traditional chestnut cultivation were chestnut processing, fruit designation of origin, and the cultivation of traditional varieties. This study shows that, to preserve the traditional chestnut landscape, the participation of multiple stakeholders is a useful approach in landscape planning. This methodology could guide decision-makers and planners who desire to implement a participatory approach to a sustainable development program for traditional chestnut landscapes.

scholarly journals Landmarks as Cultural Heritage Assets Affecting the Distribution of Settlements in Rural Areas—An Analysis Based on LIDAR DTM, Digital Photographs, and Historical Maps

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Prus ◽  
Magdalena Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk ◽  
Tomasz Salata
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Digital Photographs ◽  
Modern Development

The final decision of the owner of the plot who plans to build a house depends on many factors most of which are of legal and financial nature. The authors demonstrate that the decisions regarding specific location within the plot of land are influenced by intangible components as well, namely the intention to have the best view. The view is often related to the occurrence of landmarks with prominent visual impact in the landscape that determine visual connections. The rural landscape is determined by the spatial arrangement including the buildings, the shape of public spaces, ownership divisions, and the land distribution. Being an element of rural cultural heritage, the arrangement of buildings is influenced by a vast number of factors such as geographical, historical, physical, and socio-economic ones. This article focuses on determining the interaction between the settlement locations and zones with an excellent, unique view of characteristic, well-known architectural landmarks. Mapping of viewsheds of many features is a critical element of the landscape planning process and facilitates the protection of cultural heritage assets. The analysis involved LiDAR DTM (Digital Terrain Model created in Light Detection and Ranging technology), digital photographs, and historical maps. In terms of the administrative subdivision, the area comprises 20 localities. The landmark visibility analysis for locations of the buildings covered a 140 km2 area of Carpathian Foothills in southern Poland. The article combines experiences in the field of landscape architecture, spatial planning and the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The examples show that the modern development layout refers to the historical structure and the development of a new settlement tissue has a cultural background and is influenced by spatial landmarks.

“Sponge land(scape)”: An interdisciplinary approach for the transition to resilient communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Carlo Pavesi ◽  
Stefano Barontini ◽  
Michele Pezzagno
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resilient Communities ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Land Scape

<p>Data on natural disasters shows that cities worldwide are increasingly exposed to the risk of negative consequences. Storms and floods are among the main causes of casualties and economic losses. Moreover climatic and anthropogenic changes, urbanization and other land use transformation may contribute to increase hydrogeological hazard and risk, both in mountain valleys and in floodplain areas. On the other hand well managed soil may offer many water—regulating ecosystem services. Given that the hydrological and hydraulic dynamics commonly involve a great area, which is also upstream and surrounding the city, therefore a paradigm shift both in urban and land planning is needed, in order to integrate hazard perception and risk culture in plans. This integration also requires practices of soil conservation.</p><p>Literature underlines that, in order to achieve the transition to resilient communities, it is necessary (a) to reduce soil sealing, (b) to improve the benefits of ecosystem services as part of the plan strategies, (c) to enhance the key role that landscape planning can play in environmental protection. However, in most of the current urban and spatial plans in Italy these strategic guidelines are still ignored.</p><p>In order to address these critical issues we propose a method to classify rural areas which considers both landscape and hydrological peculiarities, in order to identify, at the regional scale, the most suitable areas to plan and design the landscape. We therefore propose to identify such a kind of landscape with the definition of a “sponge land(scape)”, which aims at extending the affirmed concept of “sponge cities” to rural areas. This approach to land management may contribute to the mitigation of hydrogeological hazard and risk, by means of preserving the regulating soil ecosystem services. At the same time it will improve both the resilience level of urban areas and the ecosystems living conditions.</p><p>The method is tested in Italy, where, according to the “Report on hazard and risk indicators about landslides and floods in Italy” (ISPRA, 2018) more than ninety percent of Italian municipalities are exposed to the hydrogeological risk. The collaboration between researchers belonging to the disciplines of spatial planning (i.e. town and regional planning) and soil hydrology was considered strategic. In particular, it allows to take advantage of specialized hydrology geo-datasets into spatial planning, which are usually not taken into account. As a first step, Hydrological Soil Groups were considered in the planning procedure. Data integration in GIS made it possible to create new maps which allow priority area to emerge for ”sponge landscaping actions”, such as the adoption of Nature Based Solution or Natural Water Retention Measures. These contribute both to the mitigation of hydraulic risk and to the maximization of other complementary ecosystem services (e.g. biodiversity preservation, climate change adaptation and mitigation, erosion/sediment control).</p>

INTEGRATED ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AT THE SUBNATIONAL LEVEL IN ASIA

2000 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 317-338
Author(s):  
PETER KING ◽  
DAVID ANNANDALE ◽  
JOHN BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
The Common ◽  
American Case ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Throughout Asia, there is a commitment by governments to sustainable development, yet economic development continues to degrade the natural resources of the region and pollute the environment in both urban and rural areas. Current thinking about sustainable development suggests that planners and development specialists should attempt to integrate social, economic and environmental dimensions at all planning levels. This paper examines work undertaken by the Asian Development Bank over the last 15 years in the area of subnational integrated economic-cum-environmental (E-c-E) planning. It evaluates five subnational E-c-E plans against a model developed by the Organization of American States (OAS). The study found that the Asian case studies (and six earlier Latin American case studies) often have common failings. Improvement of the E-c-E planning approach, building on the common success factors and improving on the common weaknesses, is proposed. An improved E-c-E planning approach at all levels may be pivotal in contributing to sustainable development.

scholarly journals FIRELAN | An Ecologically Based Planning Model Towards a Fire Resilient and Sustainable Landscape. A Case Study in Center Region of Portugal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela R. Magalhães ◽  
Natalia S. Cunha ◽  
Selma B. Pena ◽  
Ana Müller
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Center Region ◽  
Sustainable Landscape

Abstract This paper explores the role of landscape planning as a tool for rural fire prevention. It presents a methodology for a fire resilient and sustainable landscape model (FIRELAN) that articulates the ecological and cultural components in a suitable and multifunction land-use plan. FIRELAN is a conceptual and ecologically based model that recognizes river basin’ land morphology, microclimate, and species combustibility as the fundamental factors that determine fire behavior and landscape resilience, along with the ecological network (EN) for achieving ecological sustainability of the landscape. The model is constituted by the FIRELAN Network and the Complementary Areas. This network ensures the effectiveness of discontinuities in the landscape with less combustible land-uses. It also functions as a fire-retardant technique and protection of wildland-urban interface (WUI). This model is applied to municipalities from Portugal's center region, a simplified landscape severely damaged by recurrent rural fires. The results show that land-use and tree species composition should change drastically, whereas about 72% of the case study needs transformation actions. This requires a significant increase of native or archaeophytes species, agricultural areas, landscape discontinuities and the restoration of biodiversity in Natura 2000 areas. The EN components are 79% of the FIRELAN N area, whose implementation ensures soil and water conservation, biodiversity, and habitats. This paper contributes to the discussion of the Portuguese rural fires planning framework, highlighting the role of this model implementation towards a new landscape by giving explicit indications of adequate land-uses in rural areas. The FIRELAN model can be replicated in any situation.

Sanitation and State Planning

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-140
Author(s):  
Ruchi Shree
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
State Planning ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Welfare Measures ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Five-Year Plans help understand the policy and planning approach of the State to issues of water supply and sanitation in India. This chapter examines the policy focus on sanitation as reflected in various Five-Year Plans and analyses the changes that have taken place over the last six decades. At first, in urban areas, the focus is on slums whose demolition is seen as the only solution while in the later plans, there is a shift towards the creation of basic amenities. In rural areas, the Plans limit their focus to ‘problem villages’ and those suffering from endemic diseases. There is a progressive move towards decentralization, but important challenges persist in respect of how local bodies would raise the required economic resources. Towards the later Plan periods, a distinct market-based approach to water supply and sanitation emerges. Welfare measures are redesignated as economic imperatives and water is considered an economic asset.

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