Expert Cultures in Central and Eastern Europe: The Internationalization of Knowledge and the Transformation of Nation States since World War I

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-973
Author(s):  
Stephan Stach
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
World War ◽  
Nation States

Navigating Nationality in the Emigration of Minorities between Bulgaria and Greece, 1919—1941

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Dragostinova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World War I ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
World War ◽  
Population Exchange ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Voluntary Exchange ◽  
Actual Exchange

The 1919 Convention for Emigration of Minorities between Bulgaria and Greece was an important prototype for minority handling and population exchange in Eastern Europe after World War I. Based on research in Bulgarian and Greek archives, this article offers a comparative analysis of the conflicting pursuits of the two countries and the multiple opinions of various groups affected by displacement. Despite the optimism of the League of Nations that the Convention would solve ethnic conflict by bolstering individual rights, people's unwillingness to prioritize nationality undermined the execution of voluntary exchange. Instead, emigration occurred as an “actual exchange,” and refugees fled their birthplaces under harsh circumstances. Yet individuals inventively navigated their nationality and often defied the priorities of the nation-states to further their personal strategies. Because of the failure of this first international experiment of voluntary exchange in Eastern Europe, future proponents of population management adopted the principle of compulsory exchange.

Formation of a New Literary Identity Within a New State. Hungarian Literature in Czechoslovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4 (463)) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Judit Dobry
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Ethnic Literature ◽  
World War ◽  
Literary Identity ◽  
Hungarian Literature ◽  
New States ◽  
Specific Culture

The early 20th century was a very turbulent period of time especially for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe – the Central Powers were defeated in World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy disappeared from the maps and new states were created. After signing the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, more than one million Hungarian people found themselves living behind the borders of Czechoslovakia. For Hungarians living in minority, the establishment of specific culture was crucial. The paper deals with the process of formation and re-creation of Hungarian literature within the newly formed First Czechoslovak Republic, and also attends to introduce the struggle of this newly established ethnic literature in the first decade of its existence, as well as the attempt to define itself.

„Wojna ducha” na Wschodzie. Propaganda i nauka w służbie ruchów narodowych

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4 (463)) ◽  
pp. 111-133
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Borodziej ◽  
Maciej Górny
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
Professional Science ◽  
The Right ◽  
Informational Value

The article discusses the issue of the political involvement of people of science and culture in Central and Eastern Europe during World War I and in the immediate aftermath. In comparison with the phenomenon of the “war of the spirits” known in the historiography, so far observed mainly in France, Germany and Great Britain, the regional variation of this phenomenon was characterized by a greater informational value and a stronger relationship between journalistic writing and professional science. In particular, the representatives of such disciplines as physical (racial) anthropology and geography in the service of their national movements and governments engaged the whole arsenal of scientific means of persuasion: they used the language of a particular science, created coherent and logical, formally correct theories, argued, while maintaining the appropriate forms, with ideological opponents. These features of the discourse, among other things, contributed to the viability of their scientific theories from World War I, which – unlike analogous creations of Western European luminaries of art and science – still retain the right to exist in a professional academic and journalistic communities in Central and Eastern Europe.

Eastern Europe in the Global History of Decolonization

2018 ◽  
pp. 350-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mark ◽  
Quinn Slobodian
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World War I ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
New States ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter places Eastern Europe into a broader history of decolonization. It shows how the region’s own experience of the end of Empire after the World War I led its new states to consider their relationships with both European colonialism and those were struggling for their future liberation outside their continent. Following World War II, as Communist regimes took power in Eastern Europe, and overseas European Empires dissolved in Africa and Asia, newly powerful relationships developed. Analogies between the end of empire in Eastern Europe and the Global South, though sometimes tortured and riddled with their own blind spots, were nonetheless potent rhetorical idioms, enabling imagined solidarities and facilitating material connections in the era of the Cold War and non-alignment. After the demise of the so-called “evil empire” of the Soviet Union, analogies between the postcolonial and the postcommunist condition allowed for further novel equivalencies between these regions to develop.

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