Crosspave: a multi-layer elastic analysis programme considering stress-dependent and cross-anisotropic behaviour of unbound aggregate pavement layers

Vascular complications are among the most serious manifestations of diabetes. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of reduced life quality and expectancy in diabetics, whereas diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy are the most common causes of end-stage renal disease and blindness. An effective therapeutic approach to prevent vascular complications should counteract the mechanisms of injury. Among them, the toxic effects of Advanced Glycation (AGEs) and Lipoxidation (ALEs) end-products are well-recognized contributors to these sequelae. L-carnosine (β-alanyl-Lhistidine) acts as a quencher of the AGE/ALE precursors Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS), which are highly reactive aldehydes derived from oxidative and non-oxidative modifications of sugars and lipids. Consistently, L-carnosine was found to be effective in several disease models in which glyco/lipoxidation plays a central pathogenic role. Unfortunately, in humans, L-carnosine is rapidly inactivated by serum carnosinase. Therefore, the search for carnosinase-resistant derivatives of Lcarnosine represents a suitable strategy against carbonyl stress-dependent disorders, particularly diabetic vascular complications. In this review, we present and discuss available data on the efficacy of L-carnosine and its derivatives in preventing vascular complications in rodent models of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We also discuss genetic findings providing evidence for the involvement of the carnosinase/L-carnosine system in the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy and for preferring the use of carnosinase-resistant compounds in human disease. The availability of therapeutic strategies capable to prevent both long-term glucose toxicity, resulting from insufficient glucoselowering therapy, and lipotoxicity may help reduce the clinical and economic burden of vascular complications of diabetes and related metabolic disorders.

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TRANSMISSION GENETICS OF ISOZYME LOCI IN RAPHANUS SATIVUS (BRASSICACEAE): STRESS‐DEPENDENT NON‐MENDELIAN SEGREGATION

American Journal of Botany ◽

10.1002/j.1537-2197.1989.tb11282.x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 40-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

N. Ellstrand ◽

B. Devlin

Keyword(s):

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Mendelian Segregation ◽

Isozyme Loci ◽

Stress Dependent

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Application of shotcrete constitutive model to the time dependent behavior of TBM tunnel lining

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.11293 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 1826

Author(s):

Heyam H. Shaalan ◽

Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail ◽

Romziah Azit

Keyword(s):

Constitutive Model ◽

Steel Fibre ◽

Tunnel Lining ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Elastic Behaviour ◽

Elastic Analysis ◽

Time Dependent Behaviour ◽

Shotcrete Lining ◽

Creep And Shrinkage ◽

Dependent Behaviour

Shotcrete is ordinary concrete applied to the surface under high pressure. It demonstrates a highly time-dependent behaviour after few hours of application. Traditional approaches assume a simple linear elastic behaviour using a hypothetical young modulus to investigate the time-dependency and creep effects. In this paper, a new constitutive model of shotcrete is applied to evaluate the time-dependent behaviour of a TBM tunnel lining and investigate the parameters that can influence this behaviour. The Shotcrete model is based on the framework of Elasto-plasticity and designed to model shotcrete linings more realistically. The basic data of Pahang-Selangor Raw Water Transfer Project is used for the analysis study. An attempt is made to investigate the influence of some input parameters of the shotcrete model on the time-dependent behaviour of the shotcrete lining. These parameters include the time-dependent stiffness/strength parameters, creep and shrinkage parameters and steel fibre parameters. The variation in shotcrete strength classes causes a noticeable influence on the development of shotcrete compressive strength with time, particularly during the first days of application. The creep and shrinkage strain cause a considerable reduction in the development of the shotcrete stress with time. The impact of steel fibre content is determined, and the result indicated that the development of plain shotcrete stresses with time is lower than that of the reinforced shotcrete. In addition, a comparison study is performed to analyse the tunnel lining behaviour using both shotcrete model and an elastic analysis. Significant differences in shotcrete lining stresses are achieved when using the elastic analysis while the shotcrete model results in a reasonable result that can be used for the design requirements.

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