The development of a female wage labour force in Thailand

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Falkus
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Female Wage

scholarly journals Male–Female Wage Gap and Informal Employment in Bangladesh: A Quantile Regression Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Al-Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Wage Penalty ◽  
Conditional Quantile ◽  
Female Wage ◽  
Quantile Estimates

This article undertakes an examination of Bangladesh’s latest available Quarterly Labour Force Survey 2015–2016 data to draw in-depth insights on gender wage gap and wage discrimination in Bangladesh labour market. The mean wage decomposition shows that on average a woman in Bangladesh earns 12.2 per cent lower wage than a man, and about half of the wage gap can be explained by labour market discrimination against women. Quantile counterfactual decomposition shows that women are subject to higher wage penalty at the lower deciles of the wage distribution with the wage gap varying between 8.3 per cent and 19.4 per cent at different deciles. We have found that at lower deciles, a significant part of the gender wage gap is on account of the relatively larger presence of informal employment. Conditional quantile estimates further reveal that formally employed female workers earn higher wage than their male counterparts at the first decile but suffer from wage penalty at the top deciles. JEL: C21, J31, J46, J70

Production, Reproduction, and Underdevelopment: Petty Commodity Producers in Ujung Pandang, Indonesia

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 841-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
D K Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Class Formation ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Ujung Pandang ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This paper examines a group of petty commodity producers in the Indonesian city of Ujung Pandang. It is argued that in order to understand the reasons for the stagnation of petty production in the city, one must appreciate both the internal structure of petty production and also the relationship between petty production and the capitalist and peasant sectors of the economy. The transfer of economic surplus out of petty commodity production which characterises these relations is important to an understanding of the poverty of the petty producers in the city, whereas the class formation this fosters perpetuates the underdeveloped character of the economy. The same processes also mean that petty commodity production plays an important part in the reproduction of the dominant capitalist sector of production because of the support it unwittingly gives to the wage labour force.

scholarly journals Conceptualising the labour-money connection: a critical re-examination of Benetti and Cartelier's Marchands, salariat et capitalistes

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sobel ◽  
Nicolas Postel
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Neoclassical Model ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Theoretical Status ◽  
Monetary Approach ◽  
Epistemological Break

Carlo Benetti and Jean Cartelier's Marchands, salariat et capitalistes (1980) may be seen as a French attempt to develop a radical "monetary" paradigm, designed to counter the dominant neoclassical model. In this article, we argue that while the monetary approach is necessary for an epistemological break from orthodoxy, it is insufficient for the development of a genuinely heterodox paradigm. The problem is its conceptual limitation to a form of "monetary purism". This approach is limited by a form of "monetary purism" and this limitation makes it incapable of attributing any theoretical status either to the labour force or to the wage-labour nexus.

‘Life is War’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Wage Employment

This chapter has two goals. First, it unpacks the private sector, asking who owns what in the bus public transport sector to reveal the significance of socio-economic differentiation and class. Drawing on grey literature, a labour relations questionnaire, newspapers, and interviews with bus owners and workers, the chapter shows that informal and highly precarious wage employment relationships are central to understanding why private buses operate as they do. The second goal is to question the claim that informal wage employment hardly exists. The categories and terms with which workers describe their employment situation are contrasted with those used to frame the questions in the 2006 Labour Force Survey. The analysis scrutinizes how key employment concepts and terms have been translated from English, and how the translation biases respondents’ answers towards ‘self-employment’, thus contributing to the invisibility of wage labour in statistics on employment in the informal economy.

The Subcontracting of Cleaning Work: A Case in the Casualisation of Labour

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Integral Type ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Specific Process ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Role Of The State

Casual labour is defined in this article as labour lacking security of income and employment. It is argued that such labour has remained an integral type of labour organization in modern capitalist economies, and has even been expanding both in advanced and declining sectors. The article studies in detail one specific process of casualisation-the transition to subcontracting in the case of cleaning work, as it took place in Israel. The major considerations leading to such a transition are specified – the desire to cut costs and to find new sources of labour. The basic differences between subcontracted labour and direct wage labour are discussed, focusing on the intensification of labour, the deterioration of wages and benefits and the obstacles to workers organization. The relation is then examined between subcontracted labour and the composition of the labour force, primarily the displacement of Jewish by Arab women workers and the differentiation which has developed between groups of subcontracted workers on the basis of gender, nationality and citizenship. The role of the state and the labour movement in this process of casualisation is highlighted throughout the discussion. Concluding with some final comments of the more general significance of casual labour for the highly organized Israeli labour force and working class.

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