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2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 091-100
Author(s):  
Alexander Dubyansky ◽  

This article examines the views of the Russian economist Nikolai Ivanovich Sieber on community relations both in Russia and abroad. Sieber, as is known, is the first Russian follower of Marx, who assimilated his theory in all its complexity and dialectical inconsistency. However, in this article, the main attention is paid to the position of Sieber in relation to the peasant community. If Sieber was a consistent apologist for Marx's theory, without introducing his own ideas into it, then scholar seems to be completely independent with his own point of view in matters of the community. In the community context, he argued with the narodniks, particularly with V. P. Vorontsov, about the ways of developing the Russian economy. Should it develop based on the preservation and development of the peasant community, artels, as opposed to the creation of large-scale capitalist production in Russia, or should the country strive to create a capitalist economy in which there is no place for community relations? Sieber refuted the narodnik concept of a special way of development of Russia and defended the Marxist idea that capitalism is an objective stage in the development of society and, therefore, inevitable.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Robert Knox ◽  
Ntina Tzouvala

Abstract Despite minimal prospects of success, international lawyers spent the first few months of the global pandemic discussing whether the rules of state responsibility could be invoked against states, especially China, for their acts and omissions regarding COVID-19. In this piece, we take these debates seriously, if not necessarily literally. We argue that the unrealistic nature of these debates does not make them irrelevant. Rather, we propose an ideology critique of state responsibility as a legal field. Our approach is two-fold. First, we argue these debates need to be situated within the rise of geopolitical competition between the US and its allies on the one hand and China on the other. In this context, state responsibility is always laid at the feet of one’s opponents. Secondly, we posit that my emphasising the role of states, recourse to state responsibility renders invisible the role of transnational processes of capitalist production and exchange that have profound effects on nature and set the stage for the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. Drawing from the work of the geographer Neil Smith, we argue against the ‘naturalisation’ of disasters performed much of the international legal discourse about COVID-19.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela Macedo Alves ◽  
Mariana Gutierres Arteiro da Paz ◽  
Ana Paula Fracalanza

Through the analysis of the New Pinheiros River Program, São Paulo, Brazil, the differences in the solutions presented are considered to implement environmental projects in different territories over the same sub-basin. Vulnerable neighborhoods upstream will receive only basic infrastructure; while Marginal Pinheiros, a rich place, will be contemplated with aditional leisure, sports and cultural equipments. The general aim is to analyze the process of capitalist production of the Pinheiros River depolluting program area, proposed by the São Paulo State government in 2019, as well as green gentrification and creation of environmental injustice. Methodology consists of bibliographic research and analysis of the program's documents and speeches of people in charge. Global South cities have been experimenting environmental injustice as a result of financial capital investments.


Author(s):  
Enrico Campo

The (almost) universal extension of capitalist production and distribution processes has spread the “culture of consumption” to virtually every corner of the globe. This chapter discusses the relationship between spaces of consumption—shopping malls in particular—and the processes of identity construction. It begins with a brief review of the first works to examine consumption and its spaces without viewing them as neutral backgrounds where the distribution of goods would take place, but rather as physical and symbolic spaces in their own right. Further on, recent approaches that have been most influenced by symbolic interactionism are also analyzed. These perspectives, by putting the actor’s point of view and their concrete daily practices at the center of research, understood the processes of identity negotiation and the practice of shopping as an ordinary, contextual, and situated activity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-98
Author(s):  
Julie McIntyre

Goods developed and exchanged in the production of capital value are commodified nature that is acted upon by humans. Yet new histories of capitalism have for the most part ignored nature as impacted by this economic, social, and environmental system, and the agency of nature in commodification processes. This article responds to the call from a leading historian of capitalism to consider “the countryside” as a neglected geography of human-nature relations that is integral to generating capital value. It asks whether co-exploitation of “the soil and the worker,” as Marx stated of industrialising agriculture in Britain, also occurred in Australia. To answer this, I have drawn together histories of environment, economy, and labour that are concerned with soils and labour for agriculture, which has resulted in a twofold conclusion. First, it is a feature of capitalist production in Australia that the tenacity of “yeoman” or family farming as the model for Australian market-based agriculture did not exploit labour. Farming has, however, transformed Australian soils in many places from their natural state. This transformation is viewed as necessary from a resource perspective but damaging from an ecological view. Second, Australian historians of labour and environment do not participate in international debates about whether or how to consider the historical intersection of nature and labour, or, indeed, nature, labour, and capitalism. The reasons for this are historical and methodological. The environment-labour divide among historians is relevant as global environmental and social crises motivate the search for new sources and relational methods to historicise these connected crises.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Murray Li ◽  
Pujo Semedi

In Plantation Life Tania Murray Li and Pujo Semedi examine the structure and governance of Indonesia's contemporary oil palm plantations in Indonesia, which supply 50 percent of the world's palm oil. They attend to the exploitative nature of plantation life, wherein villagers' well-being is sacrificed in the name of economic development. While plantations are often plagued by ruined ecologies, injury among workers, and a devastating loss of livelihoods for former landholders, small-scale independent farmers produce palm oil more efficiently and with far less damage to life and land. Li and Semedi theorize “corporate occupation” to underscore how massive forms of capitalist production and control over the palm oil industry replicate colonial-style relations that undermine citizenship. In so doing, they question the assumption that corporations are necessary for rural development, contending that the dominance of plantations stems from a political system that privileges corporations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kruzhalina

The article highlights the Chinese labor migration to Asian Russia at the end of the XIX century on the basis of the regional printed media of the considered period. The reader’s attention is focused on the ratio of positive and negative aspects of the impact of labor migrants from China on the development of capitalist production in the region and the labor market formation. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the urgency of the «Chinese issue» in the region is related directly to the increase in the number of labor migrants from the Celestial Empire, whose legal and economic situation required early comprehensive actions from the Russian authorities, postponing the implementation of which, the latter only increased the level of confrontation not only between Russian and Chinese workers, but also provoked dissatisfaction against the authorities themselves.


Sociology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003803852110331
Author(s):  
Olivia Maury

Migrants’ struggles against borders have been examined extensively among refugees and undocumented migrants, whereas the everyday struggles in contexts of administrative bordering have remained insufficiently examined within the framework of so-called highly skilled migration. Drawing on in-depth interviews (N=34) with migrants holding a student residence permit in Finland, this article addresses the means of challenging administrative borders in a constrained situation produced by the border regime. I argue that student-migrant-workers employ pragmatic strategies by making use of the legal framework to secure their right to residence. However, the efforts at circumventing the constraints of the border regime often become re-inscribed within the framework of capitalist production, displaying the ambivalence of migrant practices. This article contributes to the scarce sociological literature on the struggles around administrative borders and the vague scholarly inquiry into student-migrants' efforts at challenging migration control.


Author(s):  
DIRNO VILANOVA DA COSTA

This article aims to discuss and reflect on the formation proposals through Vocational and Technological Education in Brazil. Considering that this type of education has historically been directed towards the training of workers, we ask: Has professional training formed people considering the human development of critical awareness of reality or just labour for the capitalist production system? What formative bases are sufficient to train people in an emancipatory perspective? To answer these questions, we use mainly the ideas of Marx and Engels (1847); Marx (1985); Manacorda (2010); Gramsci (1968); Luckaks (1976); Frigotto (2006, 2018), Saviani (1991), as well as legislations and other authors who discuss the subject. This text is the result of a literature review and demonstrates the need for emancipatory formation proposals that interest the working class.


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