Mitigating the Next Disaster: Strengthening the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Ian Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Cheryl MacKenzie ◽  
Donald Holmstrom ◽  
Mark Kaszniak

On March 23, 2005, the BP Texas City Refinery suffered one of the worst industrial disasters in recent U.S. history. An explosion and fire occurred during the startup of a process unit. Fifteen workers were killed and 180 others were injured when a distillation tower was overfilled and liquid and vapor hydrocarbons were released into the atmosphere. A vapor cloud formed, found an ignition source, and exploded. The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) deployed a team to Texas City to conduct a root cause investigation. The authors of this paper, working as investigators for the agency, found several pre-existing latent conditions and safety system deficiencies that affected unit operators' decisions and actions on the day of the incident. This submission presents a summary of those deficiencies and the primary human factors issues of the case.


Author(s):  
Union of Concerned Scientists Earthjustice

More than 180 preventable incidents at hazardous chemicals facilities occur each year, resulting in deaths, injuries, evacuations, shelter in place orders, environmental contamination, and facility shutdowns with permanent job loss. As of June 17, 2021, the Chemical Safety Board (CSB) had nineteen open site investigations of incidents that in total killed thirty-two people, injured at least eighty-seven people, led to thousands of residents sheltering in place or evacuating, and resulted in many millions of dollars in property damage. This document outlines twenty-one practical and measurable actions that the CSB can take to rebuild its investigative and recommendations capacity; set clear priorities for agency action; reform its governance policies; and increase public transparency and engagement. The proposed actions address incident investigations, safety studies, safety recommendations, agency governance, and public transparency and engagement.


2021 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. 10001
Author(s):  
Kenichi Uno

The U.S. Chemical Safety Board (CSB), an independent, non-regulatory federal agency that investigates the root causes of major chemical incidents, has firstly analyzed safety culture as an important element to maintain process safety in the investigation report of “BP America Refinery Explosion” in 2007. On the same year, the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) published Risk Based Process Safety (RBPS) in which process safety culture was newly added as an element. The author found six CSB reports which analyzed the weaknesses of safety culture and related them to the essential features of process safety culture in RBPS. Discussions are made on the results of the relations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell S Thomas ◽  
Tina Bahadori ◽  
Timothy J Buckley ◽  
John Cowden ◽  
Chad Deisenroth ◽  
...  

Abstract The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is faced with the challenge of efficiently and credibly evaluating chemical safety often with limited or no available toxicity data. The expanding number of chemicals found in commerce and the environment, coupled with time and resource requirements for traditional toxicity testing and exposure characterization, continue to underscore the need for new approaches. In 2005, EPA charted a new course to address this challenge by embracing computational toxicology (CompTox) and investing in the technologies and capabilities to push the field forward. The return on this investment has been demonstrated through results and applications across a range of human and environmental health problems, as well as initial application to regulatory decision-making within programs such as the EPA’s Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program. The CompTox initiative at EPA is more than a decade old. This manuscript presents a blueprint to guide the strategic and operational direction over the next 5 years. The primary goal is to obtain broader acceptance of the CompTox approaches for application to higher tier regulatory decisions, such as chemical assessments. To achieve this goal, the blueprint expands and refines the use of high-throughput and computational modeling approaches to transform the components in chemical risk assessment, while systematically addressing key challenges that have hindered progress. In addition, the blueprint outlines additional investments in cross-cutting efforts to characterize uncertainty and variability, develop software and information technology tools, provide outreach and training, and establish scientific confidence for application to different public health and environmental regulatory decisions.


2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. 1493-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica A. Tinney ◽  
Jerad M. Denton ◽  
Lucy Sciallo-Tyler ◽  
Jerome A. Paulson

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