The interspecific and intraspecific variation of functional traits in weeds: diversified ecological strategies within arable fields

<p>Fungal mycelia consist of an interconnected network of filamentous hyphae and represent the dominant phase of the lifecycle in all major fungal phyla, from basal to more recent clades. Indeed, the ecological success of fungi on land is partly due to such filamentous network growth. Nevertheless, fungal ecologists rarely use network features as functional traits. Given the widespread occurrence of this body type, we hypothesized that interspecific variation in network features may reflect both phylogenetic affiliation and distinct ecological strategies among species. We show first that there is high interspecific variation in network parameters of fungi, which partly correlates with taxonomy; and second that network parameters, related to predicted-mycelial transport mechanisms during the exploration phase, reveal the trait space in mycelium architecture across species. &#160;This space predicts a continuum of ecological strategies along two extremes: from highly connected mycelia with high resilience to damage but limited transport efficiency, to poorly connected mycelia with low resilience but high transport efficiency. We argue that mycelial networks are potentially a rich source of information to inform functional trait analysis in fungi, but we also note the challenges in establishing common principles and processing pipelines that are required to facilitate widespread use of network properties as functional traits in fungal ecology.</p>

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Effects of Pappus Removal and Low-temperature Short-term Storage on Interspecific and Intraspecific Variation in Seed Germination of Luobuma

Seed Science and Technology ◽

10.15258/sst.2019.47.1.02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 13-24

Author(s):

Yanru Lan ◽

Tao Li ◽

TingYu Duan ◽

Peng Gao

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Intraspecific Variation ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Storage ◽

Interspecific And Intraspecific Variation ◽

Term Storage

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Larval anatomy of Andean tadpoles of Telmatobius (Anura: Ceratophryidae) from Northwestern Argentina

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1938.1.3 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1938 (1) ◽

pp. 40-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. FLORENCIA VERA CANDIOTI

Keyword(s):

Intraspecific Variation ◽

Characteristic Pattern ◽

Species Discrimination ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Northwestern Argentina ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Internal Morphology ◽

Morphometric Methods ◽

Interspecific And Intraspecific Variation

In this paper I study the oral, buccopharyngeal, and musculoskeletal configuration in tadpoles of nine Telmatobius species from Northwestern Argentina (T. atacamensis, T. ceiorum, T. laticeps, T. oxycephalus, T. pinguiculus, T. pisanoi, T. cf. schreiteri, T. scrocchii, and T. stephani; N = 30, Gosner stages 31–36). Specimens were prepared according to standard clearing and staining protocols; additionally, I applied landmark and outline-based geometric morphometric methods in order to quantify shape variation in chondrocrania, hyobranchial skeletons, and suprarostral cartilages. Although preliminary, results show a marked morphological uniformity on the analyzed levels, and overlapping interspecific and intraspecific variation, which renders species discrimination difficult. Some distinctive traits for the genus are bicuspidate buccal spurs, peculiar arrangement of buccal roof and floor papillae, tetrapartite suprarostral, adrostral cartilages, a lateral slip of the m. subarcualis rectus II-IV invading branchial septum IV, and a characteristic pattern of muscles inserted on the diaphragm. The conservative larval internal morphology in this genus could be explained by a recent speciation and a development possibly characterized by the postmetamorphic appearance of specific features.En este trabajo estudio la morfología oral, bucofaríngea y musculoesquelética de larvas de nueve especies de Telmatobius del Noroeste argentino (T. atacamensis, T. ceiorum, T. laticeps, T. oxycephalus, T. pinguiculus, T. pisanoi, T. cf. schreiteri, T. scrocchii y T. stephani; N = 30, estadios de Gosner 31–36). Los especímenes se prepararon siguiendo protocolos clásicos de transparentación y coloración diferencial; adicionalmente, apliqué métodos de morfometría geométrica basada en landmarks y contornos para cuantificar la variación de formas en condrocráneos, esqueletos hiobranquiales y cartílagos suprarostrales. Aunque de carácter preliminar, los resultados muestran una notable uniformidad morfológica en los niveles analizados, y una variación intraespecífica que se superpone con la interespecífica, dificultando la distinción entre especies. Algunos rasgos distintivos del género son un par de espolones bucales bífidos, un arreglo particular de las papilas del techo y piso bucales, suprarostral tetrapartito, adrostrales, un haz del m. subarcualis rectus II-IV invadiendo el septo branquial IV, y un patrón aparentemente característico de los músculos insertos en el diafragma. La morfología larval interna conservadora en el género podría explicarse por una especiación reciente y un desarrollo posiblemente caracterizado por la aparición postmetamórfica de los rasgos específicos.

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Quantitative analysis of interspecific and ontogenetic variation in Osteoglossum species (Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes: Osteoglossidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1239.1.4 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1239 (1) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MARIA E.C. LEAL ◽

VIVIANNE B. DE SANT-ANNA

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Intraspecific Variation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Growth Trajectories ◽

Ontogenetic Variation ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Interspecific And Intraspecific Variation

Patterns of interspecific and intraspecific variation were investigated on samples of postembryos, juveniles, and adults of the two species of the osteoglossid genus Osteoglossum (O. bicirrhosum and O. ferreirai). Twenty-two morphometric characters were analyzed, utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) that discriminate ontogenetic classes and between species. The results showed differences in both categories. Morphometric characters related to dorsal and anal fin lengths proved to be the most important in taxonomic recognition. The comparison of growth trajectories for these characters showed that growth offset for O. bicirrhosum overlaps with growth onset for O. ferreirai, which may be indicative of a peramorphic morphology in the latter species.

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