Cross-national income distribution in the European Union: divergence or convergence?

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Welsch ◽  
Udo Bonn
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
National Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross National

scholarly journals What asylum and refugee policies do Europeans want? Evidence from a cross-national conjoint experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 146511652110068
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Jeannet ◽  
Tobias Heidland ◽  
Martin Ruhs
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Conjoint Experiment ◽  
Refugee Policies ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
Asylum Seekers And Refugees ◽  
Cross National

The protection of asylum seekers and refugees has become one of the most politically divisive issues in the European Union, yet there has been a lack of research on public preferences for asylum and refugee policies. This article analyzes which policies Europeans prefer and why. We advance a theoretical framework that explains how asylum and refugee policies that use limits and conditions enable individuals to resolve conflicting humanitarian and perceived national interest logics. Using an original conjoint experiment in eight countries, we demonstrate that Europeans prefer policies that provide refugee protection but also impose control through limits or conditions. In contrast to the divisive political debates between European Union member states, we find consistent public preferences across European countries.

scholarly journals Income distribution and poverty as obstacles to the recovery of the crisis in the european Union

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-158
Author(s):  
Jose Nabor Cruz Marcelo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
The European Union

Artículo que informa los resultados de cómo la desigualdad de los ingresos ha generado un intenso debate no sólo en la teoría económica sino en las ciencias sociales en general, puesto que se considera imprescindible una mejora en las percepciones de ingresos para generar bienestar económico y social. Por lo tanto, a través de tres indicadores, el coeficiente de Gini, la participación de los salarios en el Producto Interno Bruto y un índice de concentración del ingreso alternativo se analiza la evolución la distribución del ingreso en los países de la Unión Europea (UE) durante el periodo 1995-2012. Además, se simulan escenarios económicos, a través de un modelo algebraico que se basa en el método de Monte-Carlo, los efectos de algunas estrategias alternativas de Políticas Públicas que se pueden llevar a cabo en la Unión Europea para enfrentar la recesión económica y mejorar la desigualdad social. Se encuentra que mientras no se apliquen choques de demanda en la economía, la recesión económica continuará, así como la reducción del poder adquisitivo de los salarios de la UE. Lo cual constituye factores que influyen en el descontento y protesta social que consecuentemente impactarán en la seguridad y desarrollo de las economías europeas.

scholarly journals Psychological intimate partner violence against women in the European Union: a cross-national invariance study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Martín-Fernández ◽  
Enrique Gracia ◽  
Marisol Lila
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Partner Violence Against Women ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a worldwide public health problem. One of the most frequent forms of this type of violence in western societies is psychological IPVAW. According to the European Union (EU) Fundamental Rights Association (FRA) the prevalence of psychological IPVAW in the EU is 43%. However, the measurement invariance of the measure addressing psychological IPVAW in this survey has not yet been assessed. Methods The aim of this study is to ensure the cross-national comparability of this measure, by evaluating its measurement invariance across the 28 EU countries in a sample of 37,724 women, and to examine how the levels of this type of violence are distributed across the EU. Results Our results showed that the psychological IPVAW measure presented adequate psychometric properties (reliability and validity) in all countries. A latent structure of one factor was supported and scalar invariance was established in all countries. The average levels of psychological IPVAW were higher in countries like Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Sweden compared to the rest of the EU countries. In many of the other countries the levels of this type of violence overlapped. Conclusion Our findings underlined the importance of using appropriate statistical methods to make valid cross-national comparisons in large population surveys.

Employment and competitiveness as challenges for collective bargaining: a global perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-731
Author(s):  
Youcef Ghellab ◽  
Peggy Kelly
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Employment Security

This article explores the changing focus of collective bargaining within the context of the global drive for competition. The first section describes how the main items on the agenda for collective bargaining have shifted from income distribution to means of promoting and protecting employment and competitiveness, and explains how mass unemployment and precarious employment have pushed employment security to the top of the collective bargaining agenda. Technological change, the increasing globalisation of the economy, the formation of regional economic groupings, and the intensification of competition between firms in the product market have all contributed to the pressure on collective bargaining institutions to improve competitiveness. The second section examines innovative approaches to dealing with the issues of employment protection, creation and competitiveness by highlighting the collective bargaining experiences of a number of countries outside of the European Union.

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