Hyperlexia and ambient echolalia in a case of cerebral infarction of the left anterior cingulate cortex and corpus callosum

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)- and microelectrode recording-guided cingulotomy for patients with psychiatric disorders and to develop a new method of mapping lesion location in anterior cingulate cortex that takes into account the significant interindividual variability in callosal morphometry. METHODS MRI and microelectrode recording were used to guide placement of radiofrequency lesions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 21) or affective disorders (n = 5). Postoperative improvement was evaluated with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale in 15 of the 21 obsessive-compulsive disorder patients studied. From the postoperative MRI scans, we developed a coordinate system for position in the anterior cingulate cortex. The callosal line passes from the most anterior point of the corpus callosum (c = 0) to the most posterior (c = 100). We reconstructed the lesions onto a sagittal map from the Talairach and Tournoux atlas using the distance along the callosal line and the distance above the upper surface of the corpus callosum. RESULTS The location of neuronal activity distinguished gray and white matter and was useful in delineating the upper and lower cortical banks of the cingulate gyrus, the cingulate bundle, and the corpus callosum. This information was used to place the lesions. Lesions typically were 6 to 8 mm in diameter on T2-weighted MRI scans. The inferior margins were along the corpus callosum from c = 16 to c = 38. Four of 15 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder had a documented decrease of more than 35% on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, but only one patient had a sustained benefit for more than 1 year. CONCLUSION Microelectrode recording is useful for lesion placement. Our system for reporting location in anterior cingulate cortex normalizes for differences in callosal morphometry. These techniques may aid future study.

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Change in the bladder function of rats with focal cerebral infarction induced by photochemically-induced thrombosis

10.1101/2021.08.04.455101 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuya Ota ◽

Yasue Kubota ◽

Yuji Hotta ◽

Mami Matsumoto ◽

Nayuka Matsuyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Cingulate Cortex ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Bladder Function ◽

Suitable Model ◽

Urinary Frequency ◽

Infarct Zone ◽

High Reproducibility

The photochemically-induced thrombosis (photothrombosis) method can create focal cerebral infarcts anywhere in the relatively superficial layers of the cerebrum; it is easy to implement and minimally invasive. Taking advantage of this versatility, we aimed to establish a new rat model of urinary frequency with focal cerebral infarction, which was characterized by its simplicity, nonlethal nature, and high reproducibility. The prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, which are urinary centers, were targeted for focal cerebral infarction, and urinary parameters were measured by cystometrogram. Cystometric analysis indicated that micturition intervals significantly shortened in photothrombosis-treated rats compared with those in the sham operative group on Days 1 and 7 (P < 0.01), but prolonged after 14 days, with no difference between the two groups. Immunopathological evaluation showed an accumulation of activated microglia, followed by an increase in reactive astrocytes at the peri-infarct zone after photothrombotic stroke. Throughout this study, all postphotothrombosis rats showed cerebral infarction in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex; there were no cases of rats with fatal cerebral infarction. This model corresponded to the clinical presentation, in that the micturition status changed after stroke. In conclusion, this novel model combining nonlethality and high reproducibility may be a suitable model of urinary frequency after focal cerebral infarction.

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Changes in white matter in mice resulting from low-frequency brain stimulation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1802160115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (27) ◽

pp. E6339-E6346 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Denise M. Piscopo ◽

Aldis P. Weible ◽

Mary K. Rothbart ◽

Michael I. Posner ◽

Cristopher M. Niell

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Corpus Callosum ◽

Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Cingulate Cortex ◽

Subcortical White Matter ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

G Ratio ◽

The Impact

Recent reports have begun to elucidate mechanisms by which learning and experience produce white matter changes in the brain. We previously reported changes in white matter surrounding the anterior cingulate cortex in humans after 2–4 weeks of meditation training. We further found that low-frequency optogenetic stimulation of the anterior cingulate in mice increased time spent in the light in a light/dark box paradigm, suggesting decreased anxiety similar to what is observed following meditation training. Here, we investigated the impact of this stimulation at the cellular level. We found that laser stimulation in the range of 1–8 Hz results in changes to subcortical white matter projection fibers in the corpus callosum. Specifically, stimulation resulted in increased oligodendrocyte proliferation, accompanied by a decrease in the g-ratio within the corpus callosum underlying the anterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest that low-frequency stimulation can result in activity-dependent remodeling of myelin, giving rise to enhanced connectivity and altered behavior.

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Change in the central control of the bladder function of rats with focal cerebral infarction induced by photochemically-induced thrombosis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0255200

Author(s):

Yuya Ota ◽

Yasue Kubota ◽

Yuji Hotta ◽

Mami Matsumoto ◽

Nayuka Matsuyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Cingulate Cortex ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Bladder Function ◽

Suitable Model ◽

Urinary Frequency ◽

Infarct Zone ◽

High Reproducibility

The photochemically-induced thrombosis (photothrombosis) method can create focal cerebral infarcts anywhere in the relatively superficial layers of the cerebrum; it is easy to implement and minimally invasive. Taking advantage of this versatility, we aimed to establish a new rat model of urinary frequency with focal cerebral infarction, which was characterized by its simplicity, nonlethal nature, and high reproducibility. The prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, which are involved in lower urinary tract control, were targeted for focal cerebral infarction, and urinary parameters were measured by cystometrogram. Cystometric analysis indicated that micturition intervals significantly shortened in photothrombosis-treated rats compared with those in the sham operative group on Days 1 and 7 (P < 0.01), but prolonged after 14 days, with no difference between the two groups. Immunopathological evaluation showed an accumulation of activated microglia, followed by an increase in reactive astrocytes at the peri-infarct zone after photothrombotic stroke. Throughout this study, all postphotothrombosis rats showed cerebral infarction in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex; there were no cases of rats with fatal cerebral infarction. This model corresponded to the clinical presentation, in that the micturition status changed after stroke. In conclusion, this novel model combining nonlethality and high reproducibility may be a suitable model of urinary frequency after focal cerebral infarction.

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