Social capital, ethnic density and mental health among ethnic minority people in England: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundThe ‘ethnic density hypothesis' is a proposition that members of ethnic minority groups may have better mental health when they live in areas with higher proportions of people of the same ethnicity. Investigations into this hypothesis have resulted in a complex and sometimes disparate literature.AimsTo systematically identify relevant studies, summarise their findings and discuss potential explanations of the associations found between ethnic density and mental disorders.MethodA narrative review of studies published up to January 2011, identified through a systematic search strategy. Studies included have a defined ethnic minority sample; some measure of ethnic density defined at a geographical scale smaller than a nation or a US state; and a measure ascertaining mental health or disorder.ResultsA total of 34 papers from 29 data-sets were identified. Protective associations between ethnic density and diagnosis of mental disorders were most consistent in older US ecological studies of admission rates. Among more recent multilevel studies, there was some evidence of ethnic density being protective against depression and anxiety for African American people and Hispanic adults in the USA. However, Hispanic, Asian–American and Canadian ‘visible minority’ adolescents have higher levels of depression at higher ethnic densities. Studies in the UK showed mixed results, with evidence for protective associations most consistent for psychoses.ConclusionsThe most consistent associations with ethnic density are found for psychoses. Ethnic density may also protect against other mental disorders, but presently, as most studies of ethnic density have limited statistical power, and given the heterogeneity of their study designs, our conclusions can only be tentative.

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Development of mental health indicators at the district level in Madhya Pradesh, India: mixed methods study

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-018-3695-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shalini Ahuja ◽

Petra C. Gronholm ◽

Rahul Shidhaye ◽

Mark Jordans ◽

Graham Thornicroft

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Madhya Pradesh ◽

District Level ◽

Mixed Methods Study

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Transforming mental health services: a participatory mixed methods study to promote and evaluate the implementation of recovery-oriented services

Implementation Science ◽

10.1186/s13012-014-0119-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Melissa M Park ◽

Hiba Zafran ◽

Janet Stewart ◽

Jon Salsberg ◽

Carolyn Ells ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Health Services ◽

Mixed Methods Study

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Women’s experiences of diagnosis and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a mixed-methods study in general practice

British Journal of General Practice ◽

10.3399/bjgp20x708881 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (694) ◽

pp. e322-e329 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah C Hillman ◽

Carol Bryce ◽

Rachel Caleychetty ◽

Jeremy Dale

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

General Practice ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Women’S Experiences ◽

Women's Experiences

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common lifelong metabolic condition with serious associated comorbidities. Evidence points to a delay in diagnosis and inconsistency in the information provided to women with PCOS.AimTo capture women’s experiences of how PCOS is diagnosed and managed in UK general practice.Design and settingThis was a mixed-methods study with an online questionnaire survey and semi-structured telephone interviews with a subset of responders.MethodAn online survey to elicit women’s experiences of general practice PCOS care was promoted by charities and BBC Radio Leicester. The survey was accessible online between January 2018 and November 2018. A subset of responders undertook a semi-structured telephone interview to provide more in-depth data.ResultsA total of 323 women completed the survey (average age 35.4 years) and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 women. There were five key themes identified through the survey responses. Participants described a variable lag time from presentation to PCOS diagnosis, with a median of 6–12 months. Many had experienced mental health problems associated with their PCOS symptoms, but had not discussed these with the GP. Many were unable to recall any discussion about associated comorbidities with the GP. Some differences were identified between the experiences of women from white British backgrounds and those from other ethnic backgrounds.ConclusionFrom the experiences of the women in this study, it appears that PCOS in general practice is not viewed as a long-term condition with an increased risk of comorbidities including mental health problems. Further research should explore GPs’ awareness of comorbidities and the differences in PCOS care experienced by women from different ethnic backgrounds.

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Predictors and Consequences of Veterans Affairs Mental Health Provider Burnout: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study

JMIR Research Protocols ◽

10.2196/18345 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. e18345

Author(s):

Kara Zivin ◽

Jennifer Kononowech ◽

Matthew Boden ◽

Kristen Abraham ◽

Molly Harrod ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Patient Outcomes ◽

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Expert Panel ◽

Veterans Affairs ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Mental Health Provider ◽

Health Administration

Background In the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), mental health providers (MHPs) report the second highest level of burnout after primary care physicians. Burnout is defined as increased emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and decreased sense of personal accomplishment at work. Objective This study aims to characterize variation in MHP burnout by VHA facility over time, identifying workplace characteristics and practices of high-performing facilities. Methods Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, we will evaluate factors that influence MHP burnout and their effects on patient outcomes. We will compile annual survey data on workplace conditions and annual staffing as well as productivity data to assess same and subsequent year provider and patient outcomes reflecting provider and patient experiences. We will conduct interviews with mental health leadership at the facility level and with frontline MHPs sampled based on our quantitative findings. We will present our findings to an expert panel of operational partners, Veterans Affairs clinicians, administrators, policy leaders, and experts in burnout. We will reengage with facilities that participated in the earlier qualitative interviews and will hold focus groups that share results based on our quantitative and qualitative work combined with input from our expert panel. We will broadly disseminate these findings to support the development of actionable policies and approaches to addressing MHP burnout. Results This study will assist in developing and testing interventions to improve MHP burnout and employee engagement. Our work will contribute to improvements within VHA and will generate insights for health care delivery, informing efforts to address burnout. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive, longitudinal, national, mixed methods study that incorporates different types of MHPs. It will engage MHP leadership and frontline providers in understanding facilitators and barriers to effectively address burnout. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/18345

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