Movement in mind: The relationship of exercise with cognitive status for older adults in the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC)

The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship of electroencephalogram (EEG) arousals to breathing patterns and the relationship of both arousals and breathing patterns to arterial oxygenation during sleep in older adults. Five older adults were monitored using standard polysomnography. Records were divided into 5-min segments and breathing patterns identified based on the level of respiratory periodicity and the variability in the frequency of breathing cycles. Standard criteria were used to determine sleep states and occurrence of EEG arousals. High respiratory periodicity was seen in 23% of the segments, whereas 24% had low respiratory periodicity with minimal variability in the frequency of breathing (Type A low respiratory periodicity) and 53% had low respiratory periodicity with high variability in the frequency of breathing (Type B low respiratory periodicity). Nearly all (97%) segments with high respiratory periodicity had EEG arousals, whereas fewer segments (33%) with low respiratory periodicity had arousals, regardless of the stage of sleep. Desaturations occurred more often in segments with high respiratory periodicity, F (2,4) = 57.3, p < .001, but overall, the mean SaO2 of segments with high respiratory periodicity did not differ from levels seen in segments with low respiratory periodicity, F( 2,4) = 0.77, ns. Our findings suggest that high respiratory periodicity is a common feature of EEG arousals and, in older adults, may be important for maintaining oxygen levels during desaturations during sleep.

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The Relationship of Older Adults' Activities and Body Mass Index

Journal of Aging and Health ◽

10.1177/0898264307310466 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 217-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kristi Rahrig Jenkins ◽

Nancy H. Fultz

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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INCREASED INTRAMUSCULAR ADIPOSE TISSUE IS RELATED TO INCREASED CAPILLARIZATION IN OLDER ADULTS

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2020.20 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

O. Addison

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Mass ◽

Medical Center ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Positive Development ◽

Intramuscular Adipose Tissue ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Background: High levels of intramuscular adipose tissue and low levels of capillarization are both predicative of low muscle and mobility function in older adults, however little is known about their relationship. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of intramuscular adipose tissue and capillarization in older adults. Setting: An outpatient medical center. Participants: Forty-seven sedentary adults (age 59.9 ± 1.0 years, BMI 32.0 ± 0.7 kg/m2, VO2max 22.4 ± 0.7 ml/kg/min); Measurements: All participants underwent CT scans to determine intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle biopsies to determine capillarization in the mid-thigh. A step-wise hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to examine the contributions of age, sex, race, body mass index, 2-hour postprandial glucose, VO2max, and muscle capillarization, to the variability in intramuscular adipose tissue. Results: The predictors as a group accounted for 38.1% of the variance in intramuscular adipose tissue, with body mass index and capillarization each significantly contributing to the final model (P<0.001). The part correlation of body mass index with intramuscular adipose tissue was r = 0.47, and the part correlation of capillarization with intramuscular adipose tissue was r = 0.39, indicating that body mass index and capillarization explained 22.1%, and 15.2% of the variance in intramuscular adipose tissue. Conclusions: While increased muscle capillarization is typically thought of as a positive development, in some clinical conditions, such as tendinopathies, an increase in capillarization is part of the pathological process related to expansion of the extracellular matrix and fibrosis. This may also be an explanation for the surprising finding that high capillarization is related to high levels of intramuscular adipose tissue. Future studies are necessary to determine the relationship of changes in both capillarization and intramuscular adipose tissue after interventions, such as exercise.

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Schema in older adults: does the schema mode model apply?

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465819000602 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 341-349

Author(s):

Katelyn Phillips ◽

Robert Brockman ◽

Phoebe E. Bailey ◽

Ian I. Kneebone

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Schema Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Schema Modes ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

AbstractBackground:The relevance of schema theory to psychopathology, in particular personality disorder, in younger adults is established. Investigations into the relevance of schema theory to older adults, however, is highly limited.Aims:To consider the relationship of schema modes to psychopathology in older adults and establish whether maladaptive schema modes are associated with unmet needs and that this relationship is mediated by the healthy adult mode of responding in this population.Method:One hundred and four older adults were recruited from an established database. Participants completed questionnaires assessing psychopathology, schema modes (YAMI: Young-Atkinson Mode Inventory) and basic psychological needs (BPNS: Basic Psychological Needs Scale – autonomy, competence and relatedness). Ninety-four responses were included after applying exclusion criteria.Results:The healthy adult schema mode was found to be associated with reduced psychopathology, and maladaptive child modes (angry and vulnerable child) to increased psychopathology. The healthy adult schema mode mediated the relationship between maladaptive child modes and needs satisfaction.Conclusions:As predicted by schema theory, the presence of one of the maladaptive child modes makes it difficult for an older individual to have their needs met, but the presence of healthy adult mode works to support this process.

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Health Trajectories in Swedish Centenarians

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glaa152 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 157-163

Author(s):

Davide L Vetrano ◽

Giulia Grande ◽

Alessandra Marengoni ◽

Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga ◽

Debora Rizzuto

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

National Study ◽

Health Trajectories ◽

Kungsholmen Project ◽

Cognitively Intact

Abstract Background Longitudinal studies describing centenarians’ health trajectories are currently lacking. We compared health trajectories of older adults becoming centenarians and their shorter-living counterparts in terms of chronic diseases, disability, and cognitive decline. Methods We identified 3,573 individuals participating in the Kungsholmen Project and the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen who lived <100 years and 222 who survived to their 100th birthday. Trajectories of chronic diseases, disability (impaired activities of daily living), and cognitive status were obtained via linear mixed models over 13 years. Results Centenarians had fewer chronic diseases than noncentenarians. Before age 85, centenarians showed slower health changes. In centenarians, multimorbidity, disability, and cognitive impairment occurred 4 to 9 years later than in noncentenarians. After age 85, the speed of accumulation of chronic diseases, disabilities, and cognitive decline accelerated in centenarians. At age 100, 39% of the centenarians were cognitively intact and 55% had escaped disability. Only 5% were free of multimorbidity at age 100. When compared with their shorter lived counterparts, in terms of years spent in poor health, centenarians experienced more years with multimorbidity (9.4 vs 6.8 years; p < .001), disability (4.3 vs 3.1 years; p = .005), and cognitive impairment (6.3 vs 4.3 years; p < .001). Conclusions Older people who become centenarians present a delay in the onset of morbidity, but spend more years in this condition compared to their shorter lived peers. The observation of older adults’ health trajectories might help to forecast healthier aging, and plan future medical and social care delivery.

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