From shrubs to urban dispersion: using biomimicry to generate a comfortable outdoor microclimate in New Cairo, Egypt

ResumenEl objeto del estudio analiza las implicaciones de la liberización del transporte público en el desarrollo de las nuevas centralidades urbanas de la capital del Perú. Centralidades que emergieron en aquella ciudad popular autoconstruida, en donde la red de transporte público, basada en las denominadas “combis”, fue determinante en su evolución. De esta manera se reconsidera el trascendente significado de la relación recíproca entre la movilidad y la estructuración urbana. Vinculando el proceso de crecimiento urbano disperso, la estructuración vial, los conglomerados productivos, y las características de la movilidad en el tiempo; y de como estos, han contribuido a configurar la morfología y dinámica urbana de la ciudad, entendiendo desde este enfoque, el modelo urbano en Lima entre finales del siglo XX y principios del siglo XXI. La investigación utiliza un método principalmente cuantitativo para demostrar la relación entre movilidad y estructuración urbana, y de cómo esta proporción está relacionada con la concentración económica. Para ello se ha desarrollado un modelo de conectividad y accesibilidad hacia y desde las centralidades estudiadas. De esta manera el componente movilidad–transporte se toma como condicionante en los procesos urbanos y territoriales, que en contraste a las centralidades asociadas a nodos de autopistas de suburbios de sociedades altamente motorizadas, en Lima, es el sistema de transporte público-“combis” es quien refuerza dichas centralidades. Palabras clave Movilidad en Latinoamérica, Liberalización del Transporte Público - “combi”, Centralidad Interdistrital, Ciudad Popular, Dispersión Urbana AbstractThe objective of the study analyzes the implications of the liberalization of public transport in the development of the new urban centralities of the capital of Peru. Centralities that emerged in that self-built popular city, where the public transport network, based on the so-called "combis", was determinant in its evolution. In this way the transcendent meaning of the reciprocal relationship between mobility and urban structuring is reconsidered. Linking the process of dispersed urban growth, road structuring, productive conglomerates, and the characteristics of mobility over time; and how these have contributed to shape the urban morphology and dynamics of the city, understanding from this approach the urban model in Lima between the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century. The research uses a mainly quantitative method to demonstrate the relationship between mobility and urban structuring, and how this proportion is related to economic concentration. For this, a model of connectivity and accessibility has been developed to and from the centralities studied. In this way the mobility-transport component is taken as a conditioner in the urban and territorial processes, that in contrast to the centralities associated to suburban motorway nodes of highly motorized societies, in Lima, is the system of public transportation "combis" Is who reinforces these centralities. KeywordsMobility in Latin America, Public Transportation Liberalization - "combi", Interdistrict Centralization, Popular City, Urban Dispersion.

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Studying the factors affecting urban dispersion in mashhad metropolis

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/jfas.v8i2s.122 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1812

Author(s):

G Rabbani Abolfazli ◽

M Rahim Rahnoma ◽

C Shafaghi

Keyword(s):

Urban Dispersion ◽

Factors Affecting

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From Rural Spaces to Peri-Urban Districts: Metropolitan Growth, Sparse Settlements and Demographic Dynamics in a Mediterranean Region

Land ◽

10.3390/land9060200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 200

Author(s):

Rosanna Salvia ◽

Rares Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir ◽

Sirio Cividino ◽

Luca Salvati ◽

Giovanni Quaranta

Keyword(s):

Regional Scale ◽

Large City ◽

Urban Dispersion ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Economic Expansion ◽

Rural Districts ◽

Demographic Dynamics ◽

Metropolitan Growth ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Peripheral Areas

Considering settlement characteristics and population dynamics together over multiple spatio-temporal scales, the present study analyzes the spatial distribution of sparse settlements and population surrounding a large city in Southern Europe (Athens, Greece), in relation with long-term metropolitan growth and recent economic downturns. Results of the analysis identify regional-scale processes of urban compaction during economic expansion (2000s) with incorporation of scattered settlements in a high-density urban fabric, and moderate urban dispersion affecting low-density, peripheral areas in the subsequent period of recession (2010s). However, more heterogeneous dynamics were observed at the local scale. With economic expansion, a slight increase in the number of settlements was observed in local districts experiencing intense sprawl in earlier decades. With recession, a slight decrease in the number of settlements was, in turn, recorded in some rural districts surrounding compact urban centers, likely acting as local hotspots of urban re-densification. Given the multiplicity of socioeconomic factors involved, our findings highlight how urban development follows sequential phases of compaction and dispersion, based on locally differentiated spatial regimes characterizing settlement expansion and population growth. Sustainable urban management should face more actively with increasingly fragmented settlement dynamics at the fringe, prefiguring an appropriate spatial balance between urban centers and sparse settlements in light of recent demographic trends.

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Self-Reinforcing Processes Governing Urban Sprawl in Belgium: Evidence over Six Decades

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12104097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 4097 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ahmed Mustafa ◽

Jacques Teller

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Population Density ◽

Urban Sprawl ◽

Urban Dispersion ◽

Dispersion Degree ◽

Dispersion Patterns ◽

Study Country ◽

Per Capita ◽

Different Levels ◽

Over Time

Urban sprawl is widely acknowledged as an environmental and socio-economic challenge worldwide. This study examines urban sprawl in Belgium over six decades from 1950 to 2010. We assume that sprawl is a self-reinforcing process, i.e., sprawl is fueling further sprawl over time. The main objective of this study is to examine this assumption. We measure urban sprawl at four different levels in this study: country, regions, municipalities, and 1-km2 cells. Three sprawl indices are employed: the degree of urban dispersion, degree of urban permeation of the landscape, and built-up land uptake per capita. These three indices consider both the growth of built-up areas and population density to measure the magnitude of sprawl. The drivers of urban sprawl have been analyzed at a 1-km2 level. The examined drivers are previous urban dispersion patterns, distance to urban cores, elevation, and slope degree by means of linear regression. Urban sprawl significantly increased between 1950 and 1980, whereas its increase was more moderate between 1980 and 2010. Urban dispersion and permeation strongly affect the Brussels and Flanders regions. The results show that the increase in the degree of dispersion is locally driven by previous values of dispersion; i.e., it provides an adequate milieu for further dispersion. Therefore, our conclusion is that urban sprawl in Belgium tends to be a self-reinforcing process.

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