Single crystals of pure magnesium were fabricated in this study by employing the modified Bridgman method. To determine the exact orientation of crystals, electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) method was employed in this study. Dimensions of single crystals were 10 mm in diameter and 120 mm in length. Single crystals with near basal, pyramidal, and near prismatic orientations were obtained, on which hardness and compression tests were conducted. It has been revealed that hardness and the strength strongly depended on the orientation. While the hardness of pyramidal orientation was highest and that of near prismatic orientation was lowest, the compressive strength along near prismatic orientation appeared to be highest and that along prismatic orientation was lowest.