The future of protein biomarker research in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) occurs in 95% of the diabetic populations. Management of T2DM is a challenge. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are usually served as adjuvants used to improve diabetic syndromes in combination of routine antidiabetic drugs. For single-herb prescriptions, Ginseng, Bitter melon, Golden Thread, Fenugreek, Garlic, and Cinnamon might have antidiabetic effects in T2DM patients. Among 30 antidiabetic formulas approved by the State Food and Drugs Administrator of China, top 10 of the most frequently prescribed herbs are Membranous Milkvetch Root, Rehmannia Root, Mongolian Snakegourd Root, Ginseng, Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit, Kudzuvine Root, Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber, Common Anemarrhena Rhizome, Barbary Wolfberry Fruit, and India Bread, which mainly guided by the theory of TCM. Their action mechanisms are related to improve insulin sensitivity, stimulate insulin secretion, protect pancreatic islets, and even inhibit intake of intestinal carbohydrates. However, it is very difficult to determine antihyperglycemic components of TCM. Nevertheless, TCM are becoming popular complementary and alternative medicine in treatment of syndromes of T2DM. In the future, it requires further validation of phytochemical, pharmacological, and clinical natures of TCM in T2DM in the future studies, especially for those herbs with a high prescription frequency.

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What is the Future of Therapeutic Education? The Italian Scenario and the Covid-19 Pandemic Lesson

Journal of Diabetes Research and Therapy ◽

10.16966/2380-5544.153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Riccio M ◽

Memoli G

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Progressive Failure ◽

Therapeutic Education ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Exponential Increase ◽

The Future

The exponential increase in cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), particularly in developing countries, is combined with the progressive failure of healthcare facilities to provide adequate assistance.

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The Future of Thiazolidinedione Therapy in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Current Diabetes Reports ◽

10.1007/s11892-013-0378-8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 329-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Hanford Yau ◽

Kathya Rivera ◽

Romina Lomonaco ◽

Kenneth Cusi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

The Future

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Into the Future: Genetic Testing for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Southern Medical Journal ◽

10.1097/00007611-200211000-00028 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 95 (11) ◽

pp. 1357-1358

Author(s):

Matthew B. Totten ◽

Debra L. Simmons

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Genetic Testing ◽

The Future

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Associations of visit-to-visit variabilities and trajectories of serum lipids with the future probability of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-021-01592-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qian Sun ◽

Jingchao Liu ◽

Lei Wu ◽

Yue Sun ◽

Jianrong Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

The Future ◽

Low Hdl

Abstract Background Serum lipid abnormalities are generally considered as a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, evidence for the effect of long-term serum lipid fluctuations on future T2DM probability remains limited. Methods A total of 4475 nondiabetic participants who underwent annual health examinations between 2010 and 2013 were followed for the subsequent 5-year risk of T2DM. The Cox proportional hazards model was performed to evaluate the associations of visit-to-visit variabilities and trajectories of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) with T2DM probability. Results During the five-year follow-up, 223 newly developed T2DM cases were identified. Compared with the “Low” TG trajectory, “Moderate” and “Moderate-High” TG trajectories were significantly associated with T2DM incidence, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.51 (1.12-2.03) and 2.55 (1.62-4.03), respectively. Additionally, participants in the third and fourth quartiles of TG/standard deviation (SD) were associated with increased T2DM probability when compared with those in the lowest quartile. After excluding individuals with prediabetes, participants with “Moderate-High” TG trajectory still had a 2.43-fold greater risk of T2DM compared with those with “Low” TG trajectory (95 % CI: 1.28-4.63). In addition, compared with participants in “Low” HDL-c trajectory, the future T2DM probability was significantly reduced in those with “Moderate” and “High” HDL-c trajectories, with HR (95 % CI) of 0.52 (0.37-0.72) and 0.38 (0.18-0.80), respectively. After excluding individuals with prediabetes, the “Moderate” HDL-c trajectory remained associated with decreased T2DM probability when compared with “Low” HDL-c trajectory (HR: 0.55, 95 % CI: 0.35-0.88). However, the incidence of T2DM was not associated with the long-term fluctuations of TC and LDL-c. Conclusions Long-term visit-to-visit variability of TG, and the change trajectories of TG and HDL-c were significantly associated with future T2DM probability. Moreover, these associations were not affected after excluding individuals with prediabetes.

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