Background:
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is categorized as Crohn’s disease (CD)
and Ulcerative colitis (UC) and is characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract. Relapsing symptoms, including abdominal pain, increased stool frequency, loss of appetite as
well as anemia contribute to significant deterioration of quality of life. IBD treatment encompasses
chemotherapy (e.g. corticosteroids, thiopurines) and biological agents (e.g. antibodies targeting tumour
necrosis factor α, interleukin 12/23) and surgery. However, efficacy of these therapies is not satisfactory.
Thus, scientists are looking for new options in IBD treatment that could induce and maintain
remission.
Objective:
To summarize previous knowledge about role of different intestinal cells in IBD pathophysiology
and application of stem cells in the IBD treatment.
Results:
Recent studies have emphasized an important role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as well as
intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in the IBD pathophysiology suggesting that these types of cells can be
new targets for IBD treatment. Moreover, last studies show that stem cells transplantation reduces inflammation
in patients suffering from IBD, which are resistant to conventional therapies.
Conclusion:
Both hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to
restore damaged tissue and regulate the immune system. Autologous HSCs transplantation eliminates
autoreactive cells and replace them with new T-cells resulting a long-time remission. Whereas MSCs
transplantation is effective therapy in one of the major complications of IBD, perianal fistulas.
The role of adipose stem cells in inflammatory bowel disease: From biology to novel therapeutic strategies
