Mass Shootings and Routine Activities Theory: The Impact of Motivation, Target Suitability, and Capable Guardianship on Fatalities and Injuries

Hotel guests are more likely to be targeted by criminals than local residents, and the hotel business is particularly vulnerable to various crimes. This study investigates whether guests prefer to stay at luxury hotels when in insecure neighborhoods to reduce the risk of victimization. Using monthly property-level data from 352 hotels between 2010 and 2014 in Houston, Texas, we estimate a series of econometric models to investigate the impact of crime. Results suggest that hotel class moderates the effect of crime on lodging performance, and high-end hotels are less influenced by crime incidents. For luxury hotels, this effect is further moderated by the lodging market structure of vicinity such that the effect is smaller for luxury hotels in a more concentrated market. Lastly, this study carefully addresses theoretical implications that confirm the routine activities theory framework as well as practical implications that suggest measures and strategies handling various impacts related to crime and hotel class studied herein.

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Workplace Cyberbullying: A Criminological and Routine Activity Perspective

Journal of Information Technology ◽

10.1177/02683962211027888 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026839622110278

Author(s):

Sixuan Zhang ◽

Dorothy Leidner ◽

Xin Cao ◽

Ning Liu

Keyword(s):

Boundary Spanning ◽

Routine Activities ◽

Self Control ◽

Routine Activities Theory ◽

Routine Activity ◽

General Theory Of Crime ◽

Theory Of Crime ◽

Low Self Control ◽

The U.S

Extant research on the antecedents of workplace cyberbullying pays little attention to the role of perpetrator traits in influencing workplace cyberbullying, as well as the unique occurrence context that distinguishes workplace cyberbullying with juvenile cyberbullying, workplace bullying, and adult cyberbullying in general. To fill these gaps, we consider the antecedents of workplace cyberbullying under the theoretical lens of the general theory of crime and routine activities theory. We build a model incorporating low self-control, a widely discussed perpetrator trait in criminology theories, with three types of routine activities representing the unique occurrence context for workplace cyberbullying--mWork, boundary spanning in ESM, and proactive email checking. We tested our model with 2025 employees in the U.S.. Our findings demonstrate that low self-control and the three routine activities are strong motivators for workplace cyberbullying. Our findings further show that the effect of low self-control on workplace cyberbullying is amplified by the three routine activities. The study contributes to our understanding of why workplace cyberbullying occurs and offers potential implications for managers interested in reducing incidences of workplace cyberbullying in their organization.

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Within-Individual Effects of Dropping out of School on Violent Victimization Among Serious Adolescent Offenders

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211050090 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110500

Author(s):

Chongmin Na

Keyword(s):

School Dropout ◽

Routine Activities ◽

Dropping Out ◽

Causal Mechanism ◽

Violent Victimization ◽

Adolescent Offenders ◽

Opportunity Structure ◽

Risky Lifestyles ◽

The Impact ◽

Out Of School

Despite a recent decrease in both school dropout and victimization rates, many harsh and exclusionary school policies continue to push school-aged adolescents out of school. This study combines two research areas—school dropout and violent victimization—by investigating if dropping out of school increases the chance of violent victimization. It is hypothesized that a change in the opportunity structure associated with risky lifestyles and routine activities accounts for the link between school dropout and violent victimization. Drawing on longitudinal panel data collected from a relatively homogenous sample of 1354 serious adolescent offenders who are predominantly minorities (75%) and males (86%) and fixed-effects models which enhance the causal validity of the findings by using the same individuals as their own counterfactuals over time, this study shows that dropping out of school leads to the perpetuation of violent victimization, primarily due to a change in the opportunity structure associated with risky lifestyles and routine activities. By uncovering the pathway between school dropout and victimization, this study contributes to the knowledge base on the impact of school dropouts, the source of violent victimization, and the causal mechanism underlying the link between dropping out of school and violent victimization—all of which are relatively understudied despite their significant implications for theory and policy.

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A brief novel intervention for acrophobia (fear of heights)

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S121-S121

Author(s):

E. Naomi Smith

Keyword(s):

Daily Living ◽

Final Height ◽

Routine Activities ◽

Conflicts Of Interests ◽

Private Company ◽

Graded Exposure ◽

The Impact ◽

Larger Sample ◽

Peak District ◽

Fear Of Heights

ObjectiveTo investigate a unique brief intervention, which offers a combination of neuro-linguistic programming and practical graded exposure therapy, to overcome a fear of heights.BackgroundA fear of heights or acrophobia is common and often deters people from perusing activities like climbing. It can also interfere with routine activities of daily living.Case reportThis two-day intervention is set in the Peak District (Derbyshire, UK) and works with a maximum of eight individuals to four instructors. The first half-day involves working with a psychotherapist using neurolinguistic programing techniques. The next 1.5 days involves graded exposure using abseiling over gradually increasing heights, to a final height of approximately 40 feet.DiscussionAll eight individuals on the two-day course felt their fear of highs had significantly decreased. All eight individuals would recommend this intervention to others suffering from a fear of heights.ConclusionIt is noteworthy that the group undergoing this intervention were self-selected and highly motivated to overcome their fear of heights. The sample size was small and outcome measures were subjective. However, this is a novel and effective approach to helping people overcome their fear of heights. Further research with larger sample sizes would be beneficial in further assessing the impact of this intervention.Declaration: Permission was granted by the organizers of this intervention to submit an abstract to conference. There are no conflicts of interests. This intervention is run by a private company ‘Will4Adventure’, I have no finical or other interests in this company. I privately funded my own place on this course.

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