Potassium Ion Impregnated Calcium Oxide as a Nanocrystalline Solid Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cotton Seed Oil

After processing of cotton seed oil (CSO) the activated bleaching clay (ABC) is converted to low valued waste bleaching clay (WBC). The chemical composition of ABC from Mirpur, Azad Kashmir region of Pakistan is found out as; SiO2 71.34, Al2O3 15.54, CaO 2.72, MgO 1.48, Na2O 0.51, K2O 0.23, Fe2O3 0.02. The clay has bleachability (74 %) and oil retention (32.70 %) by standard method (ASTM). The cotton seed oil recovered (CSOR) with polar/nonpolar solvents (31.1-36.3 %) have different FFA values (0.2-0.85). However, lower percentage of tri-esters (88 %) was found out in dark coloured CSOR as compare to freshly n-hexane extracted CSO (92.5 %) from edible oil refinery. The lower FFA (0.2) valued CSOR with n-hexane is transesterified at optimized conditions to mono alkyl esters (CSOR-FAME). The reaction was optimised by performing series of experiments to observe molar conc., of methanol-oil (3-18:1), catalysts; NaOH, NaOCH3, KOH, KOCH3- oil (0.25-1.5), temperature (20-80°C), reflux time (120 min) and mixing intensity (200-650 rpm). The maximum yield of biodiesel (98.5 %) has been found out by NaOCH3 (1.00 %) as catalyst, methanol-oil (6:1) at temperature (65°C) and stirring intensity (650 rpm). The properties of CSOR-FAME (biodiesel) are also under limits as per standards; ASTM 6751, EN 14214 and WBC/ CSOR-FAME appear to be an acceptable feedstock for fatty acids/biodiesel production as renewable fuel.

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Nanocrystalline Lithium Ion Impregnated Calcium Oxide As Heterogeneous Catalyst for Transesterification of High Moisture Containing Cotton Seed Oil

Energy & Fuels ◽

10.1021/ef901318s ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 2091-2097 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Dinesh Kumar ◽

Amjad Ali

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽

Calcium Oxide ◽

Cotton Seed ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

High Moisture ◽

Cotton Seed Oil

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Purification and Valorization of Waste Cotton Seed Oil as an Alternative Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

Bioengineering ◽

10.3390/bioengineering7020041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Djomdi ◽

M. T. Leku ◽

D. Djoulde ◽

C. Delattre ◽

P. Michaud

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Ethyl Ester ◽

Cotton Seed ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Energy Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Activated Coal ◽

Cotton Seed Oil

This article is focused on the production of biodiesel from the waste cotton seed oil (WCSO), after purification, as an alternative to fossil fuels. Waste oil was collected from Sodecoton, a factory producing cotton seed oil in the Far North Cameroon. The WCSO was subjected to purification using activated coal, followed by transesterification under basic conditions (potassium hydroxide (KOH)), using methanol and ethanol. Some physico–chemical properties of biodiesel, such as absorbance of waste and purified oil, density, viscosity, water content, acid value, and its energy content were determined. The result of treating the WCSO with activated coal indicated that purification efficiency of activated coal increased with the contact time and the mass of the absorbent. Absorbance results directly proved that activated coal removed unwanted components. In the same way, activated coal concentration and exposure time influenced the level of free fatty acids of WCSO. The yield of methyl ester was 97%, while that of ethyl ester was 98%. The specific gravity at 25 °C was 0.945 ± 0.0601. An evaluation of the lower calorific value (PCI) was done in order to study the energy content of biodiesel. This was found to be a value of 37.02 ± 3.05 MJ/kg for methyl ester and 36.92 ± 7.20 MJ/kg for ethyl ester. WCSO constitutes feedstock for high volume, good quality, and sustainable production of biodiesel, as well as a realistic means of eliminating the pollution resulting from the indiscriminate disposal of waste oils from both household and industrial users.

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Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production with Methyl Acetate as Acyl Acceptor

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2008-3-422 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 63 (3-4) ◽

pp. 297-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ying Huang ◽

Yunjun Yan

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Cotton Seed ◽

Large Scale ◽

Methyl Acetate ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Acyl Acceptor ◽

Cotton Seed Oil

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from renewable biological resources. During the process of biodiesel production, lipase-catalyzed transesterification is a crucial step. However, current techniques using methanol as acyl acceptor have lower enzymatic activity; this limits the application of such techniques in large-scale biodiesel production. Furthermore, the lipid feedstock of currently available techniques is limited. In this paper, the technique of lipase-catalyzed transesterification of five different oils for biodiesel production with methyl acetate as acyl acceptor was investigated, and the transesterification reaction conditions were optimized. The operation stability of lipase under the obtained optimal conditions was further examined. The results showed that under optimal transesterification conditions, both plant oils and animal fats led to high yields of methyl ester: cotton-seed oil, 98%; rapeseed oil, 95%; soybean oil, 91%; tea-seed oil, 92%; and lard, 95%. Crude and refined cottonseed oil or lard made no significant difference in yields of methyl ester. No loss of enzymatic activity was detected for lipase after being repeatedly used for 40 cycles (ca. 800 h), which indicates that the operational stability of lipase was fairly good under these conditions. Our results suggest that cotton-seed oil, rape-seed oil and lard might substitute soybean oil as suitable lipid feedstock for biodiesel production. Our results also show that our technique is fit for various lipid feedstocks both from plants and animals, and presents a very promising way for the large-scale biodiesel production

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