Application of fungi resistance on cotton fabric using aloe vera active component

Purpose This paper aims to prevent cotton textiles from fungi damage using eco-friendly aloe vera leaf extract, which was applied at a minimum amount, and cost-effective material. Design/methodology/approach Batch extraction method using methanol solvent; phytochemical analysis was investigated and three-level factorial design of experiment and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the optimization of 27 test runs. The finish was applied by pad-dry-cue at distinct concentrations, and the chemical property after treatment was studied. Colorfastness and coordinates are analyzed. Cotton fabrics were cultured with Fusarium oxysporum fungi and the anti-fungal property was examined and reported according to AATCC 30–2004 standard. Findings The maximum yield of extract was at an optimum volume of 200 ml, 65 °C for 120 min. The effective antifungal fabric was achieved with minimum concentrations. There was significant strength loss in warp and weft direction. The treatment results in yellow-colored cotton fabric with fastness grade 3. The antifungal effect is durable until fifteen washes as the tensile strength losses were less than 1%. Research limitations/implications The findings of this work were based on samples considered in the laboratory. However, it can be reproducible at the factory production scale the treatment has the potential of yielding yellow dyed cotton fabric with multifunctional finishing. Practical implications The treated fabric is against Fusarium oxysporum Fungi which is one of the vital antimicrobial properties of textile apparel products for various areas of application. Social implications The natural extract material applied to a textile material is eco-friendly effective against microbes of cotton seeds during cultivation and apparel end-uses. Originality/value The work application of fungi resistance on cotton fabric using aloe vera active component was original; this work provides extraction of the active agent from aloe vera leaf, which is optimized statically and successfully applied for anti-fungal activity on cotton fabric.

Residual Effects of Chemical Fertilizers, Organic Manure and Biofertilizers Applied to Preceding Gobhi sarson Crop on Summer Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)

Background: Inclusion of legume crops in multiple cropping systems has become crucial to increase the sustainability of agroecosystems. Short duration mung bean can be easily fitted into many cropping sequences which also turns the farming highly remunerative along with strengthening the sustainability. The current study was aimed to evaluate residual effect of nutrient management on performance of summer mung bean in a gobhi sarson - summer mung bean sequence. Methods: During the period of 2016-17 and 2017-18 different doses of chemical fertilizers (NPK), combination of FYM with chemical fertilizers and different biofertilizers alone as well as their combination were evaluated to find out their residual effect on summer mung bean grown after the gobhi sarson crop. The data on growth parameters, yield attributes viz; plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100- seed weight were collected. The seed and biological yield from different treatments was also evaluated. Result: All growth parameters, yield attributes, seed and biological yield of summer mung bean were affected significantly with chemical fertilizers, their combined application with FYM treatments as well as different biofertilizers treatments applied to preceding gobhi sarson. Growth and yield significantly improved with each incremental dose of chemical fertilizers i.e. from 0 to 50% RDF, 50 to 75% RDF, 75 to 100% RDF while 50% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 being the best treatment. The treatment with consortium showed significantly maximum yield and growth parameters followed by combined application of Azotobacter + PSB, PSB alone, Azotobacter alone and no inoculation treatments, respectively.

Impact of Foliar Spray of NPK and Zn on Soybean for Growth, Yield, Quality, Energetics and Carbon Footprint under Dryland Condition at Indore

Background: Dryland is characterised by drought/dry spell (s) of 10 to 15 days and is the main reason for decline in soybean production. The aim of this study was to develop a strategy of drought amelioration by using foliar sprays and enhancement of yield, quality, energetics and carbon footprint. Methods: A field experiment was carried out at Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, College of Agriculture, Indore, (M.P.) during 2017-18 under spilt-plot design having two main plot treatments viz., foliar application at dry spell (F1), foliar application after dry spell (F2) and seven sub plot treatments i.e. different variants of foliar sprays (DVFS). Different growth, yield, quality, energetic and carbon footprint traits were recorded. The data were analyzed using standard statistical procedures. Result: The highest growth, yield, quality and energetic parameters were recorded for F1 as compared to F2. In case of DVFS, foliar application of water soluble complex fertilizer 19:19:19 (NPK) @ 0.5% + 0.5% ZnSO4 (T4) produced maximum values for growth, energetics, carbon footprint, oil (22.5%) and protein (43.1%) content as well as produced maximum yield.

The role of row crop predecessors in controlling weediness and increasing the productivity of rapeseed and rapeseed seeds

Practice shows that the demand for oilseeds is currently very high. Having the potential of large processing capacities in the southern part of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia, oilseeds are in high demand, characterizing rapeseed and rape as high-margin crops in agricultural production. The study of the influence of row crop predecessors on the productivity of cruciferous oilseeds in the conditions of this region is interesting and relevant, which served to determine the direction of research. The article presents data on determining the effectiveness of predecessors on weediness, growth and development, productivity of agrocenoses of rapeseed and rape of spring forms. On the dark gray forest soils of the Ryazan region, the maximum yield of oilseeds of rape and rape was obtained on the variants where the predecessor potato was chosen (2.80 t / ha for rape, 2.68 t / ha for rape), the minimum yield of rape and rape was obtained from the predecessor of corn for grain (2.55; 2.44 t / ha, respectively). A direct dependence of the weediness of crops to the yield of oilseeds of the studied crops was revealed. Keywords: RAPESEED, MUGGY, PREDECESSORS, CLOGGING, YIELD, QUALITY

STRUCTURE OF CEREAL-LEGUME HERBALS WITH DIFFERENT METHODS OF SOWING AND IRRIGATION IN ARID CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER VOLGA

In recent years, livestock farms in the Astrakhan region have mainly used grasses from natural hayfields and pastures for fodder. But, due to the sharp aridization of the climate, and, as a consequence, the more frequent droughts, as well as the unregulated growth of the number of animals on farms, the reserves of natural herbage are often insufficient. Therefore, the region began to increase the area of sown hayfields for irrigation. The aim of the work is to study the effect of various irrigation methods on the productivity of cereal-leguminous mixtures with multi-cut use in the conditions of light chestnut soils of the Northern Caspian region. The studies were carried out in 2017-2020 in the Astrakhan region. All studied irrigation methods (sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation with a belt laying depth of 0.0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 m, periodic flooding), with the exception of subsoil irrigation, with an ordinary method of sowing contributed to the development of both cereals and legumes. In these variants of the experiment, cereals occupied a significant part in the total herbage - from 40.0 to 61.0%. When using the spread sowing method, only in one variant, the share of cereal grasses was 54.0% (periodic flooding). In all others with this method of sowing, the amount of cereals in the total mass was insignificant, or they were completely absent. The widespread method of sowing was also the most productive in all the years of research. The maximum yield in the experiment was noted in all variants of the experiment in the third year of the life of grasses in 2019.The highest productivity with the spread method of sowing was noted in 2019 in the variants of the experiment with a belt laying depth of 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 m and amounted to 98.1, 104.4 and 111.0 t/ha, respectively. In the variants with the row-sowing method, the yield was lower than with the wide-spread one. The highest yield with this method of sowing was also noted in 2019 in variants with subsurface drip irrigation with a belt laying depth of 0.35 and 0.45 m and amounted to 105.5 and 104.8 t/ha, respectively

Dynamic performance of optimized microwave assisted extraction to obtain Eucalyptus essential oil: energy requirements and environmental impact

The dynamic performance of a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was studied during the extraction of eucalyptus essential oil. The effect of different process variables such as solid/liquid ratio (1:1, 1:3, or 1:5), stirring speed (0, 200, or 400 rpm), and power microwave output (360, 450, or 540 W) on obtained yield, energy requirements and environmental impact were assessed. The maximum yield was 1.26 ± 0.01% and the steam generation velocities between 4.8 and 8.8 g/min favor the extraction. In terms of environmental impact, the lowest EI99 value obtained was 6.93 ± 0.1 mPT/g. A multi-response optimization was performed to identify the operating conditions that maximize yield, while minimize energy requirements and environmental impact. Temperature dynamics and extraction kinetics were fitted to a second-order transfer function model, aimed to evaluate the role of heating patterns on the process performance. Finally, a controlled temperature experiment was carried out under the optimal conditions.

Production and Optimization of Bio-Based Silica Nanoparticle from Teff Straw (Eragrostis tef) Using RSM-Based Modeling, Characterization Aspects, and Adsorption Efficacy of Methyl Orange Dye

The brown teff straw was utilized in this study to produce silica using the sol-gel technique. After pretreatment, the raw material of brown teff straw was characterized. The data were analyzed using the central composite design and response surface technique, and four independent parameters, namely, temperature, NaOH concentration, rotational speed, and extraction time, were evaluated for process optimization. Before extracting silica with an alkaline solution, the silica content in the ash was determined using an AAS spectrometer. The silica content of teff straw ash is around 92.89%. The ash was treated with NaOH solution in the concentrations range of 1 M to 3 M (0.5 M interval). The extraction time varied at intervals of 55, 70, 85, 100, and 115 minutes. Temperatures were changed using magnetic stirrer equipment in the range of 80°C to 100°C (5°C interval). At 350 rpm, 400 rpm, 450 rpm, 500 rpm, and 550 rpm, the rotating speed was adjusted. The best extraction conditions for amorphous silica were 1.50 M NaOH, 109.99 min, 94.98°C, and a rotating speed of 499.57 rpm, with a maximum yield of 85.85%. XRD and FTIR analyses were used to assess the physicochemical characteristics of the extracted silica. The aqueous solutions of methyl orange were used to test the adsorption efficiency of silica. The percent of removal efficiency for methyl orange was 90.48%.

TiO2 Nanoparticles As Heterogeneous Catalyst For WCO Biodiesel Production: Engine Parameters Optimization and Prediction of Biodiesel/Diesel/Cadmium (II) Coordination Polymer Blends Fuel By Using Response Surface Methodology

Nowadays, combustion technologies decarbonization, reduction of harmful emission, and improving thermal efficiency have gained more attention by using clean, sustainable, alternative, and reliable biofuels coupled with using nano particles technologies. Nano heterogeneous catalysts are new promising technologies for converting triglycerides (oil, fats,..etc) into biodiesel, which characterized with saving in the total cost of production. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano heterogeneous catalyst used to convert triglyceride represented in waste cooking oil (WCO) into FAME as bio-diesel, where bio-diesel yield fitted the ASTM. In the present research, the results show 95% as a maximum yield at optimum process conditions of 0.01 Wt.% TiO2 loading, 0.3 Wt.% NaoH, reaction temperature (60 ºC), reaction time (60 min), 10:1 methanol to oil volumetric percentage. Effect of mixing different percentage (35, and 70 ppm) of {[Cd (EIN)2(SCN)2]}, SCP 1, Cadmium (II coordination polymer as nanoparticle enhancer, with diesel fuel/biodiesel (60:40 v/v%) (D60B40) on the behavior of one-cylinder direct-injection diesel (DI) engine parameters were examined experimentally and analytically through RSM methodologies. The engine operating variables have been optimized by using CCD method to achieve an optimal BTE. Engine load and nano particles quantity were considered as process input variables to optimize BTE, UHC, and NOx emissions as engine responses. The quadratic regression models were significant and adequate statistically as indicated by the Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The obtained results from (RSM) optimizer indicated that BTE, NOx, and UHC have optimum values of 16.2605%, 544.9157 ppm, and 117.6023 ppm respectively, at 70 ppm of SCP 1 nanoparticles and 2.1919 Kw of break power as optimal predicted values. A validation examination was carried out and the percent of error was within the limit of 5%. BTE, UHC, and NOx have an error percentage of 2.05%, 1.03%, and 1.63%, respectively.

A, The ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF CINNAMOMUM VERUM ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH (Raphanus sativus)

Crop plants release biochemicals into surrounding environment that help in obtaining maximum yield of crop by acting bioherbicide at high concentration and plant growth hormone at low concentration. Therefore, this study was planned at Department of Agronomy in Weed Science Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during Winter 2018 to evaluate the hermetic effects of Cinnamomum verum (Dalchini) on vegetable crop Radish (Raphanus sativus) and determination and quantification Phenolic compound present in aqueous extract of bark of C. verum. The experiments were laid out under completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications. The aqueous extracts of C. verum was used on radish seeds at different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 80%). Data regarding seed germination and seedling growth (shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root dry weigh) of radish were recorded following standard procedures. Results of our study revealed that at higher concentration act as bioherbicide and produced inhibitory effects on R. sativus while at low concentration it shows hermetic effect and promoted the seedling growth. aqueous extract showed concentration. Among different Phenolic compound (Syringic acid, p-crumeic, Ferulic acid, Quercetion and Gallic acid) determine in aqueous extract of barck of C. verum Maximum Quercetion (12.3 %) and minimum Syringic acid (0.60 %) was found. Therefore, it was concluded from this study that aqueous extract of C. verum can be used as bioherbicides at higher concentration to control weed while at low concentration as plant growth regulator.

Efect of sowing dates and seed rates of flax intercropped with sugar beet on productivity of both crops and competitive relationships

The aim of intercropping flax on sugar beet is to increase the cultivated area with flax due to widely cultivated area of sugar beet. So, a field experiment was carried out to study the effect of various sowing dates and seed rates of flax intercropped with sugar beet on yield, quality and economic evaluation. The main-plots were assigned to three sowing dates of flax intercropped with sugar beet and the sub-plots were allocated to four seed rates of flax. The results show that sowing date of flax after 35 days from sowing (DFS) sugar beet resulted in the highest values of sugar beet yields and quality. Maximum values of flax straw and seed yields resulted from sowing flax after 21 DFS sugar beet. Intercropping sugar beet with flax at 12.5% from recommended seed rate on top sugar beet terraces attained the most elevated values of sugar beet yield and quality. Sowing flax at 50% from recommended rate resulted in the best values of flax technical and fruiting zone length, also straw and seed yield/hectare. The maximum yield and economic return of both crops were obtained from sowing flax at 12.5% from recommended rate after (21 or 35) DFS sugar beet.