Magnitude of negative priming varies with conceptual task difficulty: Attentional resources are involved in episodic retrieval processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-678
Author(s):  
Ulrich von Hecker ◽  
Michael Conway
Keyword(s):  
Negative Priming ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Episodic Retrieval ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Retrieval Processes

The Level of Reaction Time Determines the ERP Correlates of Auditory Negative Priming

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Mayr ◽  
Michael Niedeggen ◽  
Axel Buchner ◽  
Guido Orgs
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Negative Priming ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Negative Priming Effect ◽  
Episodic Retrieval ◽  
Time Level ◽  
Fast Reactions ◽  
Priming Condition

Responding to a stimulus that had to be ignored previously is usually slowed-down (negative priming effect). This study investigates the reaction time and ERP effects of the negative priming phenomenon in the auditory domain. Thirty participants had to categorize sounds as musical instruments or animal voices. Reaction times were slowed-down in the negative priming condition relative to two control conditions. This effect was stronger for slow reactions (above intraindividual median) than for fast reactions (below intraindividual median). ERP analysis revealed a parietally located negativity of the negative priming condition compared to the control conditions between 550-730 ms poststimulus. This replicates the findings of Mayr, Niedeggen, Buchner, and Pietrowsky (2003) . The ERP correlate was more pronounced for slow trials (above intraindividual median) than for fast trials (below intraindividual median). The dependency of the negative priming effect size on the reaction time level found in the reaction time analysis as well as in the ERP analysis is consistent with both the inhibition as well as the episodic retrieval account of negative priming. A methodological artifact explanation of this effect-size dependency is discussed and discarded.

An ERP Investigation of Semantic Priming, Repetition Priming, and Negative Priming in Schizophrenic Patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wagner ◽  
Lioba Baving ◽  
Patrick Berg ◽  
Rudolf Cohen ◽  
Brigitte Rockstroh
Keyword(s):  
Negative Priming ◽  
Repetition Priming ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Positive Priming ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Late Positive Complex ◽  
Automatic Memory

The processing of attended and nonattended stimuli in schizophrenic patients was examined with event-related potentials (ERPs) in a lexical decision task. In positive semantic and repetition priming the N400 amplitude did not differ between a group of 17 medicated schizophrenic patients and a group of 20 matched healthy controls. However, negative priming affected the N400 only in controls. Reaction time effects were dissociated from these ERP effects, with patients showing stronger positive priming than controls but identical negative priming. The semantic processes related to the N400 appear to be intact in schizophrenic patients, but patients seem to incorporate less context information (about the nonattended prime) in their episodic memory traces. A stronger increase of the posterior late positive complex in parallel to the stronger positive priming in schizophrenic patients may reflect relatively stronger automatic memory retrieval processes in patients.

scholarly journals The convergence and divergence of episodic and semantic functions across lateral parietal cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina F. Humphreys ◽  
JeYoung Jung ◽  
Matthew A. Lambon Ralph
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Episodic Retrieval ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

AbstractSeveral decades of neuropsychological and neuroimaging research have highlighted the importance of lateral parietal cortex (LPC) across a myriad of cognitive domains. Yet, despite the prominence of this region the underlying function of LPC remains unclear. Two domains that have placed particular emphasis on LPC involvement are semantic memory and episodic memory retrieval. From each domain, sophisticated models have been proposed as to the underlying function, as well as the more domain-general that LPC is engaged by any form of internally-directed cognition (episodic and semantic retrieval both being examples if this process). Here we directly address these alternatives using a combination of fMRI and DTI white-matter connectivity data. The results show that ventral LPC (angular gyrus) was positively engaged during episodic retrieval but disengaged during semantic memory retrieval. In addition, the level of activity negatively varied with task difficulty in the semantic task whereas episodic activation was independent of difficulty. In contrast, dorsal LPC (intraparietal sulcus) showed domain general activation that was positively correlated with task difficulty. In terms of structural connectivity, a dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior gradient of connectivity was found to different processing networks (e.g., mid-angular gyrus (AG) connected with episodic retrieval). We propose a unifying model in which LPC as a whole might share a common underlying function (e.g., multimodal buffering) and variations across subregions arise due to differences in the underlying white matter connectivity.

Changes in prefrontal cortex near infrared spectroscopy activity as a function of difficulty in a visual P300 paradigm

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Rizer ◽  
Jacob S Aday ◽  
Joshua M Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visual P300 ◽  
P300 Event Related Potential

The P300 event-related potential is an index of attentional resources related to target detection. Source localization and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research has indicated that, among other regions, the prefrontal cortex contributes to the generation of the P300. Similar to fMRI, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy measures change in blood oxygen levels, but offers several advantages including portability, low expense, and superior temporal resolution. No studies to date have examined the extent to which prefrontal cortex NIR spectroscopy measures are active during the P300 paradigm. To address this knowledge gap, participants completed a two-difficulty visual oddball task in which NIR spectroscopy and P300 data were collected in a counterbalanced order. Confirmatory results indicate that the P300 event-related potential is attenuated as a function of task difficulty. Similarly, NIR spectroscopy measures of oxygenated hemoglobin in the right medial prefrontal cortex are attenuated as a function of task difficulty. The results suggest that prefrontal cortex NIR spectroscopy measures are sensitive to task difficulty in a visual P300 oddball task.

Early Activity in the Lateralized Readiness Potential Suggests Prime-Response Retrieval as a Source of Negative Priming

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Gibbons ◽  
Jutta Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Negative Priming ◽  
Lateralized Readiness Potential ◽  
Readiness Potential ◽  
Target Color ◽  
Episodic Retrieval ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Novel Targets ◽  
Probe Response ◽  
Early Activity ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Negative priming (NP) refers to increased response time (RT) for a probe target that was a distractor in a preceding prime presentation (distractor-target shift, DT), compared to novel targets. The present study used the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) to investigate, in a four-choice identification task, a novel episodic-retrieval explanation of NP introduced by Rothermund, Wentura, and de Houwer (2005) . This theory proposes that retrieval reactivates the prime response which interferes with selection of the correct probe response, thereby producing NP. 20 participants responded to pairs of red and blue digits, contingent on the identity of the digit presented in the target color. Behavioral NP involved RT increase by 16 ms. With shift trials (different hands used for prime and probe responses), in the DT condition LRP onset was delayed relative to control. By contrast, earlier LRP onset was observed for DT relative to control with no-shift trials (same hand used for prime and probe responses). Behavioral NP effects showed similar magnitude for shift and no-shift trials. Results support the Rothermund et al. (2005) theory of prime-response retrieval.

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