Clinical Presentation of Spasticity and Passive Range of Motion Deviations in Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Dystonia, Choreoathetosis, and Functional Classification Systems

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Fractures of C2 are typically managed nonoperatively with good rates of healing. Management decisions are complicated, however, when there are additional fractures in the axis possibly leading to increased instability. Additionally, the techniques used for treating these unstable axis fractures can have either significant complications or permanent loss of range of motion. Here, we present a novel technique for the reduction and stabilization of complex C2 body fracture. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 34-yr-old woman with a complex C2 body fracture, which included a right pars and left lateral mass fracture, presented after a water slide accident. It was felt that this fracture was both unstable and would not heal in an anatomically acceptable way so an open surgical reduction was needed. After consideration of more traditional fusion and osteosynthesis techniques, we chose to perform a C1-C2 internal stabilization with C1 sublaminar and C2 spinous process wiring. The patient was then instructed to wear a Miami J collar for 3 mo. CONCLUSION The outcome was favorable with good approximation and healing with preserved range of motion.

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Endovascular Considerations in Traumatic Injury of the Carotid and Vertebral Arteries

Seminars in Interventional Radiology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1724008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (01) ◽

pp. 053-063

Author(s):

Ananth K. Vellimana ◽

Jayson Lavie ◽

Arindam Rano Chatterjee

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Endovascular Techniques ◽

Traumatic Injuries ◽

Cerebrovascular Injury ◽

Vertebral Arteries ◽

Carotid And Vertebral Arteries

AbstractCervical carotid and vertebral artery traumatic injuries can have a devastating natural history. This article reviews the epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, clinical presentation, and classification systems pertinent to consideration of endovascular treatment. The growing role of modern endovascular techniques for the treatment of these diseases is presented to equip endovascular surgeons with a framework for critically assessing patients presenting with traumatic cervical cerebrovascular injury.

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Limb distribution, motor impairment, and functional classification of cerebral palsy

Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology ◽

10.1017/s0012162204000763 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 46 (07) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jan Willem Gorter ◽

Peter L Rosenbaum ◽

Steven E Hanna ◽

Robert J Palisano ◽

Doreen J Bartlett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Motor Impairment ◽

Functional Classification

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Hamstring rehabilitation in elite track and field athletes: applying the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification in clinical practice

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2017-098971 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (23) ◽

pp. 1464-1473 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ben Macdonald ◽

Stephen McAleer ◽

Shane Kelly ◽

Robin Chakraverty ◽

Michael Johnston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Injury ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Track And Field ◽

Hamstring Injury ◽

Shared Decision ◽

Injury Rehabilitation ◽

Hamstring Injuries ◽

Elite Sports ◽

Injury Classification

RationaleHamstring injuries are common in elite sports. Muscle injury classification systems aim to provide a framework for diagnosis. The British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) describes an MRI classification system with clearly defined, anatomically focused classes based on the site of injury: (a) myofascial, (b) muscle–tendon junction or (c) intratendinous; and the extent of the injury, graded from 0 to 4. However, there are no clinical guidelines that link the specific diagnosis (as above) with a focused rehabilitation plan.ObjectiveWe present an overview of the general principles of, and rationale for, exercise-based hamstring injury rehabilitation in British Athletics. We describe how British Athletics clinicians use the BAMIC to help manage elite track and field athletes with hamstring injury. Within each class of injury, we discuss four topics: clinical presentation, healing physiology, how we prescribe and progress rehabilitation and how we make the shared decision to return to full training. We recommend a structured and targeted diagnostic and rehabilitation approach to improve outcomes after hamstring injury.

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Effectiveness of Virtual Reality and Visual Feedback on Balance and Leg Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Reabilitacijos mokslai slauga kineziterapija ergoterapija ◽

10.33607/rmske.v1i18.748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (18) ◽

Author(s):

Arūnė Dūdaitė ◽

Vilma Juodžbalienė

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Postural Control ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Visual Feedback ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Control Group ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Stretching Exercises

Research background. Virtual reality and visual feedback improve motor performance, motor function and balance, so we want to fnd if it aﬀects the function of legs and balance of children with spastic hemiplegia. Research aim was to establish if the use of virtual reality and visual feedback with traditional physiotherapy improve the function of legs and balance of children with cerebral palsy. Methods. Nine children with cerebral palsy participated in the research. Participants were randomly divided into two groups – virtual reality group (n = 6) and control (n = 3). Virtual reality group practised exergaming and stretching exercises for 10 weeks, twice a week. Control group practiced conventional physiotherapy and stretching exercises for 6 weeks, twice a week. We measured the range of motion of the lower limb, spasticity of the lower limb using Modifed Ashworth’o Scale, static, dynamic balance, trunk coordination using Trunk Impairment Scale at the start and the end of the research, and balance using Pediatric Balance Scale. Results. Virtual reality and visual feedback reduced the spasticity of the lower limb, improved balance and postural control for children with cerebral palsy, but it did not improve the range of motion of the lower limb of children with cerebral palsy. Conclusions. Virtual reality and visual feedback did not improve the range of motion of the lower limb of children with cerebral palsy. Virtual reality and visual feedback reduced spasticity of the lower limb, improved balance and postural control for children with cerebral palsy.Keywords. Cerebral palsy, virtual reality, visual feedback, postural control, muscle architecture.

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